Regular ArticleSocial Effects and Circadian Rhythms in Squirrel Monkey Pituitary--Adrenal Activity
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Effects of social isolation on glucocorticoid regulation in social mammals
2012, Hormones and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :Results revealed that individually housed monkeys exhibited a significantly larger and longer-lasting increase in cortisol than monkeys consistently housed in groups. Together, the results indicate that increased morning cortisol in isolated monkeys is due to enhanced adrenal responsiveness to ACTH, and low basal ACTH levels suggest effective glucocorticoid feedback inhibition of pituitary ACTH (Lyons et al., 1995). Similarly, in pre-weaning squirrel monkeys, periodic removal of animals from the natal group enhanced cortisol-induced suppression of ACTH in response to CRF injection (Lyons et al., 2000).
Measuring cortisol in hair and saliva from dogs: Coat color and pigment differences
2010, Domestic Animal EndocrinologyCitation Excerpt :Cortisol is at the center of an interconnected web of physiological, behavioral, and developmental functions and responses. Cortisol has long been considered a reliable physiological measure of the stress response in both domestic mammals (cows [1] goats [2], guinea pigs [3], horses [4], pigs [5], rats [6], and sheep [7]) and wild mammals (Antechinus [8], Macaca [9], Odocoileius [10], Peromyscus [11], Procavia [12], Puma [13], Saimiri [14], and Spermophilus [15]). In the short term, stress is adaptive and helps individuals cope with emerging situations, but over the long term, stress is maladaptive [16].
Preliminary Evidence That Hippocampal Volumes in Monkeys Predict Stress Levels of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
2007, Biological PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :All samples were obtained as described elsewhere (supplementary text online) from manually restrained monkeys by femoral venipuncture between 13:30–14:30 hours to control for diurnal variation (20). Plasma ACTH levels were measured in duplicate with an established radioimmunoassay (21). After the initial restraint stress tests, monkeys were randomized to the following adult treatment conditions.
Diminished Cortisol Levels in Subordinate Female Marmosets Are Associated with Altered Central Drive to the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
2006, Biological PsychiatryCitation Excerpt :Finally, to evaluate whether adrenal responsiveness to ACTH was blunted in subordinate female marmosets, we determined the ratio of cortisol concentration to the log of ACTH concentration in the same blood sample and compared this ratio between dominants and subordinates across the four blood samples collected in the control condition. The cortisol:log ACTH ratio has been used as a measure of adrenal responsiveness to ACTH in studies of rats (Wilkinson et al 1981), monkeys (Lyons et al 1995), and humans (Sherman et al 1985), based on findings that adrenal glucocorticoid concentrations and secretion rates increase linearly with logarithmic increases in ACTH in bioassay systems (see Lyons et al 1995 and references therein). Analyses were performed using Systat v. 5.2 for the Macintosh (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois), and results were evaluated at the .05 level (two-tailed).
Intranasal oxytocin administration attenuates the ACTH stress response in monkeys
2005, PsychoneuroendocrinologyCircadian rhythm of corticosterone secretion in the neonatal rabbit
2005, Developmental Brain Research