Skip to main content

Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarkers: From Pipeline to Diagnostic Assay Development

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Neuroproteomics

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 566))

Summary

In recent years, the term proteomics is often mentioned together with biomarker discovery, as proteomic studies have the capability of identifying unique and unobvious protein biomarkers from tissues or biofluids derived from animal models or human clinical samples inflicted with various diseases. Proteomics has yielded hundreds of potential biomarker candidates. However, biomarker discovery is only the beginning of a long road for generating a validated, clinically relevant, and FDA-approved biomarker assay. Many technical, financial, legal, and regulatory hurdles have to be overcome before the components can be commercially produced (1, 2). This chapter outlines in a condensed version the steps to successfully develop clinically acceptable biomarkers, given the marker of choice withstands the rigor of developmental challenges along the road.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Rifai N, Gillette MA, Carr SA (2006) Protein biomarker discovery and validation: the long and uncertain path to clinical utility. Nat Biotechnol 24, 971–983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Vitzthum F, Behrens F, Anderson NL, Shaw JH (2005) Proteomics: from basic research to diagnostic application. A review of requirements and needs. J Proteome Res 4, 1086–1097.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Goldmann BU, Christenson RH, Hamm CW, Meinertz T, Ohman EM (2001) Implications of troponin testing in clinical medicine. Curr Control Trials Cardiovasc Med 2, 75–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Pike BR, Flint J, Johnson E, Glenn CC, Dutta S, Wang KKW Hayes RL (2001) Accumulation of calpain-cleaved non-erythroid αII-spectrin in cerebrospinal fluid after traumatic brain injury in rats. J Neurochem 78, 1297–1306.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ringger NC, O’Steen BE, Brabham JG, Silver X, Pineda J, Wang KKW Hayes RL (2005) A novel marker for traumatic brain injury: CSF αII-spectrin breakdown product levels. J Neurotrauma 21, 1443–1456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Pineda J, Liu MC, Aikman J, Akle V, Lewis S, Wang KKW, Robertson C, Hayes RL (2007) Clinical significance of αII-spectrin breakdown products in CSF after severe traumatic brain injury in human. J Neurotrauma 24, 354–366.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Kobeissy FH, Ottens AK, Zhang ZQ, Dave JR, Tortella FC, Hayes RL Wang KKW (2006) Differential proteomic analysis of traumatic brain injury biomarker study using CAX-PAGE/RPLC-MSMS method. Mol Cell Proteomics 5, 1887–1898.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Liu MC, Akle V, Zheng WR, Dave JR, Tortella FC, Hayes RL, Wang KKW (2006) Comparing calpain- and caspase-3-degradation patterns in traumatic brain injury by differential proteome analysis. Biochem J 394, 715–725.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Romeo MJ, Espina V, Lowenthal M, Espina BH, Petricoin EFI, Liotta LA (2005) CSF proteome: a protein repository for potential biomarker identification. Expert Rev Proteomics 2, 57–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kobeissy FH, Larner SF, Sadasivan S, Zhiqun Zheng Z, Liu MC, Oli MW, Robinson G, Hayes RL, Wang KKW (2008) Neuroproteomic and systems biology-based discovery of protein biomarkers for traumatic brain injury and clinical validation (review). Proteomics Clin Appl 2, 1467–1483.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Anderson RE, Hansson LO, Nilsson O, Dijlai-Merzoug R, Settergren G (2001) High serum S100B levels for trauma patients without head injuries. Neurosurgery 48, 1255–1258.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Grebenchtchikov N, Sweep CG, Geurts-Moespot A, Piffanelli A, Foekens JA, Benraad TJ (2002) An ELISA avoiding interference by heterophilic antibodies in the measurement of components of the plasminogen activation system in blood. J Immunol Methods 268, 219–231.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kricka LJ (1999) Human anti-animal antibody interferences in immunological assays. Clin Chem 45, 942–956.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kricka LJ, Schmerfeld-Pruss D, Senior M, Goodman DB, Kaladas P (1990) Interference by human anti-mouse antibody in two-site immunoassays. Clin Chem 36, 892–894.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Niemeyer CM, Adler M, Wacker R (2005) Immuno-PCR: high sensitivity detection of proteins by nucleic acid amplification. Trends Biotechnol 23, 208–216.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Niemeyer CM, Adler M, Wacker R (2007) Detecting antigens by quantitative immuno-PCR. Nat Protocol 2, 1918–1930.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Katz R (2004) Biomarkers and surrogate markers: an FDA perspective. NeuroRx 1, 189–195.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Monika W. Oli .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Oli, M.W., Hayes, R.L., Robinson, G., Wang, K.K.W. (2009). Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarkers: From Pipeline to Diagnostic Assay Development. In: Ottens, A., Wang, K. (eds) Neuroproteomics. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 566. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-562-6_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-562-6_19

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-934115-84-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-562-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics