Skip to main content

PARP1 Genomics: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Approach Using Anti-PARP1 Antibody (ChIP and ChIP-seq)

  • Protocol
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 780))

Abstract

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase1 (PARP1) is a global regulator of different cellular mechanisms, ranging from DNA damage repair to control of gene expression. Since PARP1 protein and pADPr have been shown to persist in chromatin through cell cycle, they may both act as epigenetic markers. However, it is not known how many loci are occupied by PARP1 protein during mitosis genome-wide. To reveal the genome-wide PARP1 binding sites, we used the ChIP-seq approach, an emerging technique to study genome-wide PARP1 protein interaction with chromatin. Here, we describe how to perform ChIP-seq in the context of PARP1 binding sites identification in chromatin, using human embryonic kidney cell lines.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Protocol
USD   49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Springer Nature is developing a new tool to find and evaluate Protocols. Learn more

References

  1. D’Amours D, Desnoyers S, D’Silva I, Poirier GG (1999) Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reactions in the regulation of nuclear functions. Biochem J 342:249–268

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Nosseri C, Coppola S, Ghibelli L (1994) Possible involvement of poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase in triggering stress-induced apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 212:367–373

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Dantzer F, Amé JC, Schreiber V, Nakamura J, Ménissier-de MJ, de Murcia G (2006) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activation during DNA damage and repair. Methods Enzymol 409:493–510

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. de Murcia JM, Niedergang C, Trucco C, Ricoul M, Dutrillaux B, Mark M, Oliver FJ, Masson M, Dierich A, LeMeur M, Walztinger C, Chambon P, de Murcia G (1997) Requirement of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in recovery from DNA damage in mice and in cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:7303–7307

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Tulin A, Spradling A (2003) Chromatin loosening by poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) at Drosophila puff loci. Science 299:560–562

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Petesch SJ, Lis JT (2008) Rapid, transcription-independent loss of nucleosomes over a large chromatin domain at Hsp70 loci. Cell 134:74–84

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Dechat T, Pfleghaar K, Sengupta K, Shimi T, Shumaker DK, Solimando L, Goldman RD (2008) Nuclear lamins: major factors in the structural organization and function of the nucleus and chromatin. Genes Dev 22:832–853

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Tulin A, Chinenov Y, Spradling A (2003) Regulation of chromatin structure and gene activity by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. Curr Top Dev Biol 56:55–83

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Frizzell KM, Gamble MJ, Berrocal JG, Zhang T, Krishnakumar R, Cen Y, Sauve AA, Kraus WL (2009) Global analysis of transcriptional regulation by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 284:33926–33938

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Pinnola A, Naumova N, Shah M, Tulin AV (2007) Nucleosomal core histones mediate dynamic regulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 protein binding to chromatin and induction of its enzymatic activity. J Biol Chem 282:32511–32519

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Krishnakumar R, Gamble MJ, Frizzell KM, Berrocal JG, Kininis M, Kraus WL (2008) Reciprocal binding of PARP-1 and histone H1 at promoters specifies transcriptional outcomes. Science 319:819–821

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Cuddapah S, Jothi R, Schones DE, Roh T-Y, Cui K, Zhao K (2009) Global analysis of the insulator CTCF in chromatin barrier regions reveals demarcation of active and repressive domains. Genome Res 19:24–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Johnson DS, Mortazavi A, Myers RM, Wold B (2007) Genome-wide mapping of in vivo protein-DNA interactions. Science 316:1497–1502

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Robertson G, Hirst M, Bainbridge M, Bilenky M, Zhao Y, Zeng T, Euskirchen G, Bernier B, Varhol R, Delaney A, Thiessen N, Griffith OL, He A, Marra M, Snyder M, Jones S (2007) Genome-wide profiles of STAT1 DNA association using chromatin immunoprecipitation and massively parallel sequencing. Nat Methods 4:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Schones DE, Cui K, Cuddapah S, Roh TY, Barski A, Wang Z, Wei G, Zhao K (2008) Dynamic regulation of nucleosome positioning in the human genome. Cell 132:887–898

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Marks H, Chow JC, Denissov S, Françoijs KJ, Brockdorff N, Heard E, Stunnenberg HG (2009) High-resolution analysis of epigenetic changes associated with X inactivation. Genome Res 19:1361–1373

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Rozowsky J, Euskirchen G, Auerbach RK, Zhang ZD, Gibson T, Bjornson R, Carriero N, Nyder M, Gerstein MB (2009) PeakSeq enables systematic scoring of ChIP-seq experiments relative to controls. Nat Biotechnol 27:66–75

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ji H, Jiang H, Ma W, Johnson DS, Myers RM, Wong WH (2008) An integrated software system for analyzing ChIP-chip and ChIP-seq data. Nat Biotechnol 26:1293–1300

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Jothi R, Cuddapah S, Barski A, Cui K, Zhao K (2008) Genome-wide identification of in vivo protein-DNA binding sites from ChIP-seq data. Nucleic Acids Res 36:5221–5231

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Robertson AG, Bilenky M, Tam A, Zhao Y, Zeng T, Thiessen N, Cezard T, Fejes AP, Wederell ED, Cullum R, Euskirchen G, Krzywinski M, Birol I, Snyder M, Hoodless PA, Hirst M, Marra MA, Jones SJ (2008) Genome-wide relationship between histone H3 lysine 4 mono- and tri-methylation and transcription factor binding. Genome Res 18:1906–1917

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Nix DA, Courdy SJ, Boucher KM (2008) Empirical methods for controlling false positives and estimating confidence in ChIP-Seq peaks. BMC Bioinform 9:523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Valouev A, Johnson DS, Sundquist A, Medina C, Anton E, Batzoglou S, Myers RM, Sidow A (2008) Genome-wide analysis of transcription factor binding sites based on ChIP-Seq data. Nat Methods 5:829–834

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Xu H, Wei CL, Lin F, Sung WK (2008) An HMM approach to genome-wide identification of differential histone modification sites from ChIP-seq data. Bioinformatics 24: 2344–2349

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Zhang Y, Liu T, Meyer CA, Eeckhoute J, Johnson DS, Bernstein BE, Nusbaum C, Myers RM, Brown M, Li W, Liu XS (2008) Model-based analysis of ChIP-Seq (MACS). Genome Biol 9:R137

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Collas P and Dahl JA (2008) Chop it, ChIP it, check it: the current status of chromatin immunoprecipitation. Front Biosci 13:929–943

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank D. Martin and K. Pechenkina for comments on the manuscript. We also thank Greg Donahue (University of Pennsylvania Medical School) and Yan Zhou (Fox Chase Cancer Center) for advice on ChIP-seq data analysis. The research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01 DK082623) to A.V.T.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Lodhi, N., Tulin, A.V. (2011). PARP1 Genomics: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Approach Using Anti-PARP1 Antibody (ChIP and ChIP-seq). In: Tulin, A. (eds) Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 780. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-270-0_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-270-0_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-269-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-270-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics