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Growth and death rates of bovine embryonic kidney cells in turbulent microcarrier bioreactors

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Abstract

Bead-bead collisions have been characterized using the velocity of the smallest turbulent eddies to calculate a turbulent collision severity (defined as the energy of collisions times their frequency), but a shear-based collision mechanism with a different dependence on the system variables is also applicable. This shearbased mechanism and the ratio of smallest eddy size to microcarrier diameter can explain the beneficial effects of both smaller diameter microcarriers and higher viscosity of the medium on the growth rate of bovine embryonic kidney cells. Death rates of these cells have also been measured at several levels of agitation. The decrease in apparent growth rate from increasing agitation is caused both by a higher rate of cell death as well as a lower intrinsic growth rate.

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Abbreviations

B :

unspecified biological variable

d cm:

bead diameter

d i cm:

impeller diameter

e :

error in estimate of power number

F n , F s (g·cm)/s2 :

normal and shear forces on a cell

Fr:

Froude number

g 980cm/s2 :

acceleration of gravity

k k−1 :

first order death rate constant

m g:

mass of a bead

n s−1 :

impeller rotational rate

n b :

number of impeller blades

N p :

impeller power number

R i cm:

impeller leading edge radius

TCS (g·cm2)/s3 :

turbulent collision severity

V cm3 :

reactor volume

v br cm/s rms:

relative velocity between beads

v e cm/s:

velocity in smallest eddies

X number of cells/cm3 :

cell population

α :

volume fraction microcarriers

γ s−1 :

shear rate

ε cm2/s3 :

turbulent power dissipation rate

η cm:

size of smallest eddies

μ g/(cm·s):

dynamic viscosity

μ h−1 :

apparent growth rate of cells

μ 0 h−1 :

intrinsic growth rate of cells in absence of death

v cm2/s:

kinematic viscosity

θ b g/cm3 :

bead density

θ f g/cm3 :

fluid density

τ g/(cm·s2):

shear stress

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Biochemical Engineering, Duke University, 27706, Durham, NC, USA

    R. S. Cherry

  2. Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Northwestern University, 60208, Evanston, IL, USA

    E. T. Papoutsakis

  3. Houston

    E. T. Papoutsakis

Authors
  1. R. S. Cherry
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  2. E. T. Papoutsakis
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Cherry, R.S., Papoutsakis, E.T. Growth and death rates of bovine embryonic kidney cells in turbulent microcarrier bioreactors. Bioprocess Engineering 4, 81–89 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373735

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