Abstract
A mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardii which lacks a cell wall was fused with Daucus carota protoplasts using polyethylene glycol and the resulting fusion products were cultured. Fusion involved integration of Chlamydomonas and carrot plasma membranes and the release of algal organelles into the carrot cytoplasm. Chlamydomonas basal bodies, nuclei and chloroplasts were frequently observed in the fusion products. Cultured fusion products regenerated cell walls and divided; most Chlamydomonas organelles degenerated during culture but chloroplasts were still recognizable in the carrot cytoplasm after 10.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- PEG:
-
polyethylene glycol
- TEM:
-
transmission electron microscopy
- SEM:
-
scanning electron microscopy
References
Bonnett, H.T.: On the mechanism of the uptake of Vaucheria chloroplasts by carrot protoplasts treated with polyethylene glycol. Planta 131, 229–233 (1976)
Constabel, F.: Isolation and culture of plant protoplasts. In: Plant tissue culture methods. Gamborg, O.L., Wetter, L.R., eds. Saskatoon: N.R.C. of Canada 1975
Constabel, F.: Somatic hybridization in higher plants. In Vitro 12, 743–748 (1976)
Davey, M.R., Frearson, E.M., Power, J.B.: Polyethylene glycolinduced transplantation of chloroplasts into protoplasts: an ultrastructural assessment. Plant Sci. Lett. 7, 7–16 (1976)
Eriksson, T., Bonnett, H., Glimelius, K., Wallin, A.: Teohnical advances in protoplast isolation, culture and fusion. In: Tissue culture and plant science. Street, H.E., ed. New York: Academic Press 1974
Fowke, L.C.: Electron microscopy of protoplasts. In: Plant tissue culture methods. Gamborg, O.L., Wetter, L.R., eds. Saskatoon: N.R.C. of Canada 1975
Fowke, L.C.: Ultrastructure of isolated and cultured protoplasts. Proceed. 4th Congr., Int. Assoc. Plant Cell and Tiss, Cult., Calgary 1978
Fowke, L.C., Constabel, F., Gamborg, O.L.: Fine structure of fusion products from soybean cell culture and pea leaf protoplasts. Planta 135, 257–266 (1977)
Fowke, L.C., Rennie, P.J., Kirkpatrick, J.W., Constabel, F.: Ultrastructure of fusion products from soybean cell cultures and sweet clover leaf protoplasts. Planta 130, 39–45 (1976)
Gamborg, O.L.: Somatic cell hybridization by protoplast fusion and morphogenesis. In: Plant tissue culture and its biotechnological application. Barz, W., Reinhard, E., Zenk, M.H., eds. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1977
Giles, K.L.: Chloroplast uptake and genetic complementation. In: Applied and fundamental aspects of plant cell, tissue and organ culture. Reipert, J., Bajaj, Y.P.S., eds. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1977
Gresshoff, P.M.: Culture of Chlamydomonas reinhardii protoplasts in defined media. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 3, 457–464 (1976)
Hughes, J., McCully, M.E.: The use of an optical brightener in the study of plant structure. Stain Technol. 50, 319–329 (1975)
Hyams, J., Davies, D.R.: Induction and characterization of cell wall mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Mutation Res. 14, 381–389 (1972)
Kao, K.N.: A method for fusion of plant protoplasts with polyethylene glycol. In: Plant tissue culture methods. Gamborg, O.L., Wetter, L.R., eds. Saskatoon: N.R.C. of Canada 1975
Mahanty, H.K., Gresshoff, P.M.: Influence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on growth of fresh water algae. Bot. Gaz. 139, 3, 202–206 (1978)
Marchant, H.J., Fowke, L.C.: Preparation, culture and regeneration of protoplasts from filamentous green algae. Can. J. Bot. 55, 3080–3086 (1977)
Murashige, T., Skoog, F.: A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497 (1962)
Oshiwa, T.: Preparation and culture of Spirogyra and Zygnema protoplasts. Cell Struct. Funct. 2, 249–255 (1977)
Potrykus, I., Lörz, H.: Organelle transfer into isolated protoplasts. In: Cell genetics in higher plants. Dudits, D., Farkas, G.L., Maliga, P., eds. Budapest: Hung. Acad. Sci. 1976
Ringo, D.G.: Flagellar motion and fine structure of the flagellar apparatus in Chlamydomonas. J. Cell Biol. 13, 599–613 (1967)
Spurr, A.R.: A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microcopy. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 26, 31–43 (1969)
Vasil, I.K.: The progress, problems and prospects of plant protoplast research. Adv. Agro. 28, 119–159 (1976)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This study was undertaken during sabbatical leave in The Research School of Biological Sciences. Australian National University
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fowke, L.C., Gresshoff, P.M. & Marchant, H.J. Transfer of organelles of the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii into carrot cells by protoplast fusion. Planta 144, 341–347 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00391577
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00391577