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Bone marrow hypoplasia in anorexia nervosa

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Abstract

Within a 2-year period, from March 1974 until May 1976 10 patients with anorexia nervosa were seen at the children's university hospitals of München (2 patients) and Gießen (8 patients). The patients were 10–16 years old, with one exception all girls, and had the typical cachexia, hypothermia, bradycardia, gray, hairy skin, and amenorrhea in those who had reached menarche.

The blood counts at diagnosis revealed a leukopenia (below 5000/mm3) in 6 patients and a thrombocytopenia (below 150000/mm3) in 4 patients. The bone marrow was examined in 7 patients and showed marked hypocellularity with only few megakaryocytes present and abundant vacuolated hyaline material. Bone marrow erythroblasts were decreased (below 20%) in 5 patients, although peripheral blood hemoglobin and hematocrit were normal or even elevated in all 10 patients. In 7 patients blood urea nitrogen was elevated above 30 mg%, the highest value being 145 mg%.

Blood and bone marrow alterations as well as the renal abnormalities disappeared within days to a few weeks after a regimen of strict fluid and caloric intake was initiated and a gain in body weight of up to 10 kg was achieved. intake was initiated and a gain in body weight of up to 10 kg was achieved.

Zusammenfassung

In etwas über 2 Jahren, vom März 1974 bis Mai 1976, sahen wir an den Universitäts-Kinderkliniken von München (2 Patienten) und Gießen (8 Patienten) insgesamt 10 Patienten mit Pubertätsmagersucht. Die Patienten waren 10–16 Jahre alt, mit einer Ausnahme alle Mädchen, und zeigten die typische Magerkeit, Hypothermie, bradycardie, graue, schuppige, haarige Haut und Amenorrhoe bei vorangegangener Menarche.

Bei Diagnose hatten 6 Patienten eine Leukozytopenie (unter 5000/mm3) und 4 eine Thrombozytopenie (unter 150000/mm3) im peripheren Blut. Das bei 7 Patienten untersuchte Knochenmark war zellarm mit nur wenig, ausreifungsgehemmten Megakaryozyten und wies fädig-gelatinöse, schwach rosa gefärbte, mit Vakuolen durchsetzte Massen auf. Die Erythrobalasten im Knochenmark waren in 5 Fällen vermindert (unter 20%), obwohl die peripheren Hämoglobinoder Hämatokritwerte bei allen 10 Patienten normal oder sogar erhöht waren. Bei 7 Patienten waren die Serum-Harnstoffwerte erhöht (über 30 mg%); höchster Wert 145 mg%.

Die Blut- und Knochenmark veränderungen sowie die erhöhten Harnstoff-werte verschwanden innerhalb von Tagen bis wenigen Wochen durch intensive Flüssigkeits- und Kalorienzufuhr mit entsprechendem Gewichtsanstieg.

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Lampert, F., Lau, B. Bone marrow hypoplasia in anorexia nervosa. Eur J Pediatr 124, 65–71 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00452416

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