Summary
In order to noninvasively measure water concentration in the stratum corneum, infrared spectra were obtained using an attenuated total-reflectance technique in conjunction with Fourier transform spectroscopy. A weak water-absorbance band near 2,100 cm-1 was detected in both in vivo and in vitro spectra. The significance of this band is that it occurs in a region of the mid-infrared where the stratum corneum and most topically applied substances show no absorbance. In vitro spectra obtained as a function of ambient relative humidity showed an increase in the absorbance near 2,100 cm-1 with increasing water concentration in the stratum corneum. The combined in vivo and in vitro results lead to a quantitative assessment of water concentration in the uppermost layers of the stratum corneum.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baier RE (1978) Noninvasive, rapid characterization of human skin chemistry in situ. J Soc Cosmet Chem 29:283–306
Blank IH, Moloney J, Emslie AG, Simon I, Apt C (1984) The diffusion of water across the stratum corneum as a function of its water content. J Invest Dermatol 82:188–194
Christensen MS, Hargens CW, Nacht S, Gans EH (1977) Viscoelastic properties of intact human skin: Instrumentation, hydration effects and the contribution of the stratum corneum. J Invest Dermatol 69:282–286
Clar EJ, Her CP, Sturelle CG (1975) Skin impedance and moisturization. J Soc Cosmet Chem 26:337–361
Comaish S (1968) Infrared studies of human skin in vivo by multiple internal reflection. Br J Dermatol 80:522–528
Dittmar A, Martini MC, Planchette L, Lotte J (1983) In vivo and in vitro measurement of the skin water content by thermal conductivity. 5th International Symposium on Bioengineering and the Skin. Besançon, France (1983)
Gloor M, Hirsh G, Willebrandt U (1981) On the use of infrared spectroscopy for the in vivo measurement of the water content in the horny layer after application of dermatological ointments. Arch Dermatol Res 271:305–314
Harrick NJ (1979) Internal reflection spectroscopy. Harrick Scientific Corporation, Ossining, New York
Jacques SL (1979) A linear measurement of the water content of human skin using a microwave probe. Proceedings of the IEEE-EMBS Conference, Denver, Colorado, pp 1–3
Ortel RP (1977) Protein conformational changes induced in human stratum corneum by organic sulfoxides: An infrared spectroscopic investigation. Biopolymers 16:2329–2345
Potts RO, Chrisman DA Jr, Buras EM Jr (1983) The dynamic mechanical properties of human skin in vivo. J Biomech 16:365–372
Puttnam NA (1979) Attenuated total reflectance studies of the skin. J Soc Cosmet Chem 23:209–226
Robbins CR, Fernee KM (1983) Some observations on the swelling of human epidermal membrane. J Soc Cosmet Chem 34:21–34
Scheuplein RJ (1964) A survey of some fundamental aspects of the absorption and reflection of light by tissue. J Soc Cosmet Chem 15:111–122
Tagami H, Ohi M, Iwatsaki K, Kanamaru Y, Yamada M, Ichijo B (1980) Evaluation of skin surface hydration in vivo by electrical measurements. J Invest Dermatol 75:500–507
Triebskorn A, Gloor M, Greiner F (1983) Comparative investigations on the water content of the stratum corneum using different methods of measurement. Dermatologica 167:64–69
Wu MS (1983) Water diffusivity and water concentration profile in human stratum corneum from transepidermal water loss measurements. J Soc Cosmet Chem 34:191–196
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Potts, R.O., Guzek, D.B., Harris, R.R. et al. A noninvasive, in vivo technique to quantitatively measure water concentration of the stratum corneum using attenuated total-reflectance infrared spectroscopy. Arch Dermatol Res 277, 489–495 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00510068
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00510068