Skip to main content
Log in

Abstract

We investigate in this paper approximate operations on sets, approximate equality of sets, and approximate inclusion of sets. The presented approach may be considered as an alternative to fuzzy sets theory and tolerance theory. Some applications are outlined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. E. Konrad, E. Orłowska, and Z. Pawlak,An approximate concept learning (Berlin, Bericht, 1981), pp. 81–87.

  2. W. Marek and Z. Pawlak, “Rough sets and information systems,”ICS PAS Reports (441) (1981).

  3. R. Michalski, “S., Pattern Recognition as Role-Guided Inductive Interference,”IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2:179–187 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  4. E. Orłowska, “Semantics of vague concepts, Application of rough sets,”ICS PAS Reports (469) (1982).

  5. E. Orłowska, “Logic of vague concepts, Application of rough sets,”ICS PAS Reports (474) (1982).

  6. E. Orłowska and Z. Pawlak, “Measurement and observability, Application of rough sets,” (to appear).

  7. Z. Pawlak, “Rough sets,”ICS PAS Reports (431) (1981).

  8. Z. Pawlak, “Rough relations,”ICS PAS Reports (435) (1981).

  9. Z. Pawlak, “Rough functions,”ICS PAS Reports (167) (1981).

  10. Z. Pawlak, “Information systems, theoretical foundations,”Information systems 6 (3):205–218 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Z. Pawlak, “Rough sets, Algebraic and topological approach,”ICS PAS Reports (482) (1982).

  12. A. Robinson,Non-standard analysis (North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1966).

    Google Scholar 

  13. L. A. Zadah, “Fuzzy sets,”Information and Control 8:338–353 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  14. E. O. Zeeman, “The Topology of the Brain and Visual Perception,” inTopology of 3-Manifolds and related topics, M. K. Fort, ed. (Englewood Cliffs, N.Y., 1962).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pawlak, Z. Rough sets. International Journal of Computer and Information Sciences 11, 341–356 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01001956

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01001956

Key words

Navigation