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Genetic similarity theory: Beyond kin selection

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Abstract

We present genetic similarity theory (GST), which incorporates the kin-selection theory of altruism under a more general principle. GST states that a gene ensures its own survival by acting so as to bring about the reproduction ofany organism in which copies of itself are to be found. Rather than behaving altruistically only toward kin, organisms are able to detect other genetically similar organisms and to exhibit favoritism and protective behavior toward these “strangers,” as well as toward their own relatives. In order to pursue this general strategy, an organism must, in effect, be able to detect copies of its genes in other organisms. We order several data sets with this theory including (a) kin recognition studies in animals raised apart, (b) assortative mating, (c) intrafamilial relations, (d) human friendship and altruism, and (e) ethnic nepotism. We discuss a strong and a weak version of GST and offer some predictions for future research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, N6A 5C2, London, Ontario, Canada

    J. Philippe Rushton

  2. Department of Psychology, University of London Goldsmiths' College, SE14 6NW, London, England

    Robin J. H. Russell & Pamela A. Wells

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  1. J. Philippe Rushton
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Rushton, J.P., Russell, R.J.H. & Wells, P.A. Genetic similarity theory: Beyond kin selection. Behav Genet 14, 179–193 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01065540

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