Skip to main content
Log in

Results of a curriculum intervention with seventh graders regarding violence in relationships

  • Published:
Journal of Family Violence Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This research measured the effects of a violence prevention curriculum on the knowledge and attitudes of seventh grade health education students (N=239) about woman abuse using a valid and reliable inventory. Pretests, post-tests, and post-post-tests were administered to experimental and comparison groups. The experimental group received the curriculum intervention,Skills for Violence-Free Relationships. Significant differences were found between the experimental and comparison groups from pretest to post-test on both the knowledge (p=.0027) and attitude (p=.0089) sections of the inventory. This impact did not remain stable at post post-test. These results confirm those found in other studies and reinforce recommendations of the battered women’s movement to integrate violence-free principles into school curricula. Within the experimental group, significant gender differences were found only on the attitude section from post-test to post post-test (p=.0335); females showed greater change over time. Such limited change was not unexpected in a middle school population given the reported formative nature of the subjects’ gender acquisition as contrasted with those at an older age.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • American Medical Association (1992).Diagnostic and treatment guidelines on domestic violence (Pamphlet No. AA 22-92-406 20M). Chicago, IL: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura (1973).Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura (1977).Social Learning Theory, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belsky, J. (1993). Etiology of child maltreatment: A developmental-ecological analysis.Psychological Bull. 114: 413–431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, L. (1991). Adolescent girls’ experiences of witnessing marital violence: A phenomenological study.J. Advan. Nurs. 16: 431–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berrios, D. C., and Grady, D. (1991). Domestic violence: Risk factors and outcomes.West. J. Med. 155: 133–135.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biden, J. (1993). Violence against women: The congressional response.Am. Psychologist 48: 1077–1087.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss. 3.Loss, Sadness, and Depression, Basic Books, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, L., and Gilligan, C., (1993).Meeting at the Crossroads, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. T., and Stanley, J. C. (1963).Experimental and Quasi-experimental Designs for Research, Rand McNally, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, K. E. (1988). Interparental violence: The children as victims.Issues Comp. Pediatr. Nurs. 11: 291–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobash, R. E., and Dobash R. P. (1992).Woman, Violence, and Social Change, Routledge, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edington, L. E., and Last, E. G. (eds.). (1991).Violence in Families, Department of Human Services, Indianapolis, IN, Available from Domestic Violence Schools Training Project, C/o Women’s Studies Outreach 623 Lowell Hall, 610 Langdon Street, Madison, WI 53703.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elias, M. J., and Branden-Muller, L. R. (1994). Social and life skills development during the middle school years: An emerging perspective.Middle School J. 25(3): 3–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emery, R. E. (1989). Family violence.Am. Psychologist 44: 321–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Family Crisis Shelter. (1987).When love really hurts: Dating violence curriculum, Wiliston, ND: Author. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 286 120).

    Google Scholar 

  • Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G. T., and Yllo, K. (1988).Stopping Family Violence: Research Priorities for the Coming Decade, Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geffner, R., Rosenbaum, A., and Hughes, H. (1988). Research issues concerning family violence. In Van Hasselt, V. B., Morrison, R. L., Bellack, A. S., and Hersen, M. (eds.),Handbook of Family Violence, Plenum, New York, pp. 457–481.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, L. W., and Kreuter, M. (1991).Health Promotion Planning: An Educational and Environmental Approach (second edition), Mayfield, Mountain View, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, E. (1989).The Girl Within, Dutton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys, J. (1991). Children of battered women: Worries about their mothers.Pediatr. Nurs. 17: 342–345.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jaccard, J., and Becker, M. A. (1990).Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences (second edition), Wadsworth, Belmont, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, P. G., Sudermann, M., Reitzel, D., and Killip, S. M. (1992). An evaluation of a s secondary school primary prevention program on violence in intimate relationships.Viol. Vict. 7: 129–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, P., Wolfe, D. A., Wilson, S., and Zak, L. (1986). Family violence and child adjustment: A comparative analysis of girls’ and boys’ behavioral symptoms.Am. J. Psychiatry 143: 74–77.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, P. G., Wolfe, D. A., and Wilson, S. K. (1990).Children of Battered Women, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, M. (1988). Correlates of early violence experience among men who are abusive toward female mates. In Hotaling, G. T., Finkelhor, D., Kirkpatrick, J. T., and Straus, M. A. (eds.),Family Abuse and Its Consequences, Newbury Park, CA, Sage, pp. 192–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, L. E. (1987). [Minnesota coalition for battered women: School curriculum project evaluation report.] Unpublished raw data, personal communication. May 15, 1992.

  • Jones, L. E. (1991). The Minnesota school curriculum project: A statewide domestic violence prevention project in secondary schools. In Levy, B. (ed.),Dating Violence: Young Women in Danger, Seal, Seattle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kashani, J. H., Daniel, A. E., Dandoy, A. C., and Holcomb, W. R. (1992). Family violence: Impact on children.J. Am. Acad. Child Adol. Psychiatry 31: 181–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, L. (1988).Surviving Sexual Abuse, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, B. (1984).Skills for Violence-Free Relationships, Southern California Coalition on Battered Women, Los Angeles. Available from Minesota Coalition for Battered Women, 570 Asbury Street Suite 201, St. Paul, MN 55104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, B. (ed.) (1991).Dating Violence: Young Women in Danger, Seal, Seattle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loar, L. (1994, April).The tangled web: animal cruelty and family violence, Paper presented at The Tangled Web: The Intersections of Child Abuse and Animal Abuse Conference, La Crosse, Wisconsin.

  • Main, M., Kaplan, N., and Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood and adulthood: A move to level representation. In Bretherton, I., and Waters (eds.), Growing points in attachment theory & research.Monogr. Soc. Res. Child Devel. 50(1–2, Serial No. 207).

  • Peled, E. (1993). Children who witness women battering: Concerns and dilemmas in the construction of a social problem.Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 15: 43–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pence, E., and Shepard, M. (1988). Integrating feminist theory and practice: The challenge of the battered women’s movement. In Yllo, K., and Bograd, M. (eds.),Feminist Perspectives on Wife Abuse, Sage, Newbury Park, pp. 282–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, K. S., and Gamache, D. (1988).My Family and Me: Violence Free, Minnesota Coalition for Battered Women, St. Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Randall, T. (1992). Adolescents may experience home, school abuse.J. Am. Med. Assoc. 267: 3127–3129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rybarik, M. F., Dosch, M. F., Gilmore, G. D., and Krajewski, S. S. (1995). Violence in relationships: A seventh grade inventony.J. Fam. Viol. 10: 223–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schechter, S. (1988). Building bridges between activists, professionals, and researchers. In Yllo, K., and Bograd, M. (eds.),Feminist Perspectives on Wife Abuse, Sage, Newbury Park, CA, pp. 299–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schechter, S. (1992, October).Reframing the issues: Effective interventions with battered women, Paper presented at the Domestic Violence Training Project for Health Workers, Madison, WI.

  • Schlotzhauer, S. D., and Littell, R. C. (1987).SAS System for Elementary Statistical Analysis, SAS Institute, Cary, NC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, S. (1956).Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. P., and Williams, J. G. (1992). From abusive household to dating violence.J. Fam. Viol. 7: 153–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sonkin, D. J., and Durphy, M. (1989).Learning to Live Without Violence: A Handbook for Men, Volcano Press, Volcano, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, E., and Flitcraft, A. (1988). Violence among intimates: An epidemiological review. In Van Hasselt, V. B., Morrison, R. L., Bellack, A. S., and Hersen, M. (eds.),Handbook of Family Violence, Sage, Newbury Park, CA, pp. 293–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, L. (1991). Disavowing the self in female adolescence. In Gilligan, C., Rogers, A., and Tolmen, D. (eds.),Women, Girls and Psychotherapy, Haworth Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, M., and Gelles, R. (1990).Physical Violence in Families, Transaction, New Brunswick.

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1990).Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Hasselt, V. B., Morrison, R. L., Bellack, A. S., and Hersen, M. (eds.) (1988).Handbook of Family Violence, Plenum, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vooijs, M. W., and van der Voort, T. H. A. (1993). Learning about television violence: The impact of a critical viewing curriculum on children’s attitudinal judgments of crime series.J. Res. Devel. Ed. 26(3): 133–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wildin, S. R., Williamson, W. D., and Wilson, G. S. (1991). Children of battered women: Developmental and learning profiles.Clin. Pediatr. Phil. 30: 299–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson-Brewer, R., and Jacklin, B. (1991). Violence prevention strategies targeted at the general population of minority youth.Publ. Health Rep. 106: 270–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, D. A., Jaffe, P., Wilson, S. K., and Zak, L. (1988). A multivariate investigation of children’s adjustment to family violence. In Hotaling, G. T., Finkelhor, D., Kirkpatrick, J. T., and Straus, M. A. (eds.),Family Abuse and Its Consequences, Sage, Newbury Park, CA, pp. 228–241.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Krajewski, S.S., Rybarik, M.F., Dosch, M.F. et al. Results of a curriculum intervention with seventh graders regarding violence in relationships. J Fam Viol 11, 93–112 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02336664

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02336664

Key Words

Navigation