Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Laser photoacoustic determination of physiological glucose concentrations in human whole blood

  • Molecular Sensing
  • Published:
Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A glucose concentration analysis of human whole blood samples has been accomplished using pulsed laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS). Using a CO2 laser operating with μJ pulse energies, the technique has shown the required discrimination and sensitivity to determine glucose concentrations within the physiological range (18–450 mg dl−1) in whole blood samples. The sensitivity achieved with this system is comparable to that of the existing commerical enzyme-based diagnostic systems presently used in hospital clinical chemistry environments. The technique is compared with other optical methods that have recently been used for glucose determination, and its applicability for use in the development of an in vivo monitor is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Back, D. M., Michalska, D. F. andPolavaru, P. L. (1984) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a powerful tool for the study of carbohydrates in aqueous solution.Appl. Spectrosc.,38, 173–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bae, Y., Song, J. J. andKim, Y. B. (1982) Photoacoustic detection of nanosecond pulse induced optical absorption in solids.Appl. Opt.,21, 35–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, A. G. (1880)Am. J. Sci.,20, 305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, A. G. (1881)Philos. Mag.,11, 510.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bochkov, A. F., Zaikov, G. E. andAfanasiev, V. A. (1991)Carbohydrates. VSP Books.

  • Boulnois, J. (1985) Photophysical processes in recent medical laser developments: A review.Lasers Med. Sci.,1, 47–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cope, M. andDelpy, D. T. (1988) System for long-term measurement of cerebral blood and tissue oxygenation on newborn infants by near infra-red transillumination.Med. & Biol. Eng. & Comput.,26, 289–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, M. R., Fasano, D. M. andNogar, N. S. (1982) Frequency analysis of pulsed optoacoustic signals and the application to chemical analysis.Appl. Spectrosc.,36, 125–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gless, U., Janatsch, G. andKruse-Jarres, J. D. (1989) Reagentless determination of glucose and other constituents in blood by ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy.Clin. Chem.,35, 1854–1857.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gournay, L. S. (1966) Conversion of electromagnetic to acoustic energy by surface heating.J. Acoust. Soc. Am.,40, 1322–1330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haas, U. andSeiler, H. (1984) The absorption behaviour of water and some organic liquids in the near infrared studied by photoacoustic spectroscopy.Z. Naturforsch.,39a, 1242–1249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haas, U., Franz, J. andNimmerfall, F. (1988) Photoacoustic in-vitro investigation of human skin. InPhotoacoustic and photothermal phenomena.Hess, P. andPeizl, J. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Optical Sciences Series 58, 552–553.

  • Helander, P. andLundstrom, I. (1980) Light scattering effects in photoacoustic spectroscopy.J. Appl. Phys.,51, 3841–3847.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janatsch, G., Marbach, R., Heise, H. M. andKruse-Jarres, J. D. (1989) Multivariate calibration for assays in clinical chemistry using ATR infrared spectra of human blood plasma.Anal. Chem.,61, 2016–2023.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kawabata, Y., Kamikubo, T., Imasaka, T. andIshibashi, N. (1983) Semiconductor lasers and solid state emitters as NIR light sources for photoacoustic spectroscopy. —Ibid.,55, 1420–1422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemp, W. (1975)Organic spectroscopy. Macmillan, ISBN 0 333 18153 0.

  • Luft, K. F. (1943)Z. Tech. Phys.,24, 97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marbach, R., Heise, H.M., Janatsch, G. andKruse-Jarres, J. D. (1989) Multivariate determination of glucose in whole blood by ATR infrared spectroscopy.Anal. Chem.,61, 2009–2015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, W. J. (1989)Illustrated textbook of clinical chemistry. Gower Medical, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, W. P. (1964)Physical acoustics—principles and methods. Academic Press, Vol. 1, Part A, 359.

  • Massart, D. L., Vandeginste, B. G. M., Deming, S. N., Michotte, Y. andKaufman, L. (1988)Chemometrics—a textbook. Elsevier, ISBN 0-444-42660-4.

  • Mendelson, Y., Lin, B. C., Peura, R. andClermont, A. C. (1987a) Glucose concentration measurement in water using a CO2 laser based ATR method. Proceedings of Ninth Annual Conference IEEE Eng. in Medicine & Biol. Soc., Boston.

  • Mendelson, Y., Lin, B. C., Peura, R. andClermont, A. C. (1987b) In-vitro blood glucose measurement using a CO2 laser based ATR technique. Proceedings of Ninth Annual Conference IEEE Eng. in Med. & Biol. Soc., Boston.

  • Mendelson, Y., Lin, B. C., Peura, R. andClermont, A. C. (1988) Carbon-dioxide laser based multiple ATR technique for measuring glucose in aqueous solutions.Appl. Opt.,27, 5077–5081.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, B. L., Alyea, E. C. andVan de Voort, E. R. (1986) Mid infrared spectroscopy of sugar solutions—instrumentation and analysis.Spectrosc. Lett.,19, 277–291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pan, Q., Zhang, S. andZhu, S. (1988) Application of PAS to human blood. InPhotoacoustic and photothermal phenomena.Hess, P. andPelzl, J. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Optical Sciences Series 58, 542–545.

  • Patel, C. K. N. andTam, A. C. (1981) Pulsed optoacoustic spectroscopy of condensed matter.Rev. Mod. Phys.,53, 517–550.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfund, A. H. (1939)Sci.,90, 326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulet, P. andChambron, J. E. J. (1985)In vivo cutaneous spectroscopy by photoacoustic detection.Med. & Biol. Eng. & Comput.,23, 585–588.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richterich, R. andDuawalder, H. (1971) Zur Bestimmung der Plasmaglucosekonzentration mit der Hexokinase/Glucose-6-Phosphatdehydrogenase Methode.Schweiz. med. Wschr,101, 615.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, C. W. andWilliams, D. (1971) Lambert absorption coefficients of water in the infrared.J. Opt. Soc. Am.,61, 1316–1320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosencwaig, A. (1980)Photoacoustics and photoacoustic spectroscopy. John Wiley & Sons, Chemical Analysis Series, vol. 57.

  • Rosenthal, R. D., Paynter, L. N. andMackie, L. H. (1990) US Patent Application Publication WO 90/07905.

  • Sadtler 1.Atlas of mid-infrared spectra. Sadtler Research Laboratories, Philadelphia, USA.

  • Sadtler 2.Atlas of near-infrared spectra. Sadtler Research Laboratories, Philadelphia, USA.

  • Sennhewn, B., Rohr, M., Geise, K. andKolmer, K. (1988) Penetration of topically applied drugs through human skin investigated by PAS. InPhotoacoustic and photothermal phenomena.Hess, P. andPelzl, J. (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Optical Sciences Series 58, 548–551.

  • Sigrist, M. W. (1986) Laser generation of acoustic waves in liquids and gases.J. Appl. Phys.,60, R83-R117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stark, E., Luchter, K. andMargoshes, M. (1986) Near infrared analysis (NIRA): a technology for quantitative and qualitative analysis.Appl. Spectrosc. Rev.,22, 335–399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, B., Tam, A. C., Zapka, W. andCoufal, H. (1983) Optical probing of photoacoustic propagation for noncontact measurement of flows, temperature and chemical properties.J. de Physique,6, (10) 203–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasko, P. D., Blackwell, J. andKoenig, J. L. (1972) Infrared and Raman spectroscopy of carbohydrates.Carbohydrate Res.,23, 407–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viengerov, M. L. (1938) (In Russian.)Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR,19, 687.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilks, P. (1984) Aqueous solution analysis by internal reflection infrared spectroscopy.Eur. Spectrosc. News,55, 26–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeller, H., Novak, P. andLandgraf, R. (1989) Blood glucose measurement by infrared spectroscopy.Int. J. Artif. Org.,12, 129–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zharov, V. P. andLetokhov, V. S. (1986)Laser optoacoustic spectroscopy. Springer-Verlag, Optical Sciences Series 37.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Critical Sciences Ltd., 4th Floor, 21/22 Grosvenor Street, W1X 9FE, London, UK

    G. B. Christison

  2. Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK

    G. B. Christison & H. A. MacKenzie

Authors
  1. G. B. Christison
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. A. MacKenzie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Christison, G.B., MacKenzie, H.A. Laser photoacoustic determination of physiological glucose concentrations in human whole blood. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 31, 284–290 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02458048

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02458048

Keywords

Search

Navigation