Abstract
Although monocotyledons lack a vascular cambium of the type found in dicotyledons and conifers, lateral meristems still play an important role in the establishment of their growth habits. The presence near the shoot apex of a primary thickening meristem (PTM), which is probably plesiomorphic in monocotyledons, predisposes evolution into the many pachycaul forms. A PTM occurs in virtually all monocotyledons, whereas the secondary thickening meristem (STM), which is morphologically similar, is limited to a few genera of Liliiflorae. these records are reviewed in a systematic context. To a greater or lesser extent in different taxa, the PTM is responsible for primary stem thickening, adventitious root production, and formation of linkages between stem, root and leaf vasculature. The STM largely contributes to the body of the stem. The sometimes obscure distinction between the two meristems, and their relationship with other stem meristems are discussed. For systematic purposes stem thickening in monocotyledons is separated into two characters: diffuse growth (as in palms), and growth by means of lateral meristems. The three states of the second character are represented by the first three of Mangin’s (1882) four categories (two herbaceous, the third arborescent): (1) The lateral meristem is limited in extent, and ceases activity after root formation. (2) It remains active for a limited period after cessation of root formation, contributing to the plant body. (3) It remains active throughout the life of the plant, contributing the bulk of the plant body.
Resumo
Embora as monocotiledôneas não apresentem um câmbio vascular, como ocorre nas dicotiledôneas e coníferas, o meristema lateral desempenha urn papel importante na definição de seu hábito de crescimento. A presença, proximo no ápice do caule, de um meristema de espessamento primário (PTM), que, provavelmente, é plesiomórfico nas monocotiledôneas, tende a evoluir entre as muitas formas de caule contraído. O meristema de espessamento primário (PTM) ocorre virtualmente em todas as monocotiledôneas, enquanto que o meristema de espessamento secundário (STM), que é morfologicamente similar, é limitado a poucos gêneros de Liliiflorae. Estes aspectos são analisados dentro de urn contexto sistemático. Com uma maior ou menor extensão em diferentes taxa, o meristema de espessamento primário (PTM) é responsável pelo espessamento primário do caule, formação de raizes adventícias e formação de conexões entre a vascularização do caule, da raiz e das folhas. O meristema de espessamento secundário (STM) contribui grandemente para a formação do corpo caulinar. É discutida a distinção, algumas vezes obscura, entre os dois meristemas, e suas realções com os outros meristemas. Com objectivos taxonômicos, o espessamento do caule em monocotiledôneas, é separado em dois caracteres: crescimento difuso (como em Palmae) e crescimento através do meristema lateral. Os três estados deste ultimo caráter estão representados pelas três primeiras categorias (duas herbáceas e uma arborescente), entre as quatro propostas por Mangin (1882): (1) O meristema lateral é limitado em extensão e cessa a atividade após a formação da raiz. (2) Ele permanece ativo por um período limitado após a formação da raiz, contribuindo na formação do corpo da planta. (3) Permanece ativo durante toda a vida da planta, contribuindo na formação da maior parte da mesma.
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Rudall, P. Lateral meristems and stem thickening growth in monocotyledons. Bot. Rev 57, 150–163 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858768
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02858768