Abstract.
It is well documented that activation of calpain, a calcium-sensitive cysteine protease, marks the pathology of naturally and experimentally occuring neurodegenerative conditions. Calpain-mediated proteolysis of major membrane-skeletal protein, αII-spectrin, results in the appearance of two unique and highly stable breakdown products, which is an early event in neural cell pathology. This review focuses on spectrin degradation by calpain within neurons induced by diverse conditions, emphasizing a current picture of multi-pattern neuronal death and a recent success in the development of spectrin-based biomarkers. The issue is presented in the context of the major structural and functional properties of the two proteins.
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Received 7 March 2005; received after revision 22 April 2005; accepted 13 May 2005
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Czogalla, A., Sikorski, A.F. Spectrin and calpain: a ‘target’ and a ‘sniper’ in the pathology of neuronal cells. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 62, 1913–1924 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-005-5097-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-005-5097-0