Summary
This study used the microsatellite locus B10 to determine the frequency of colonies with multiple patrilines in a previously unexamined group, the North American bumble bees (Bombus). The effective mating frequency (me) was greater than 1 in six of 28 colonies. Five of 11 species tested showed at least one incidence of polyandry: four species from the subgenus Pyrobombus (B. bimaculatus, B. impatiens, B. mixtus, B. ternarius) and one species from the parasitic subgenus Psithyrus (B. citrinus). The B10 locus showed high cross-species amplification success for North American Bombus.
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Payne, C.M., Laverty, T.M. & Lachance, M.A. The frequency of multiple paternity in bumble bee (Bombus) colonies based on microsatellite DNA at the B10 locus. Insectes Soc. 50, 375–378 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-003-0692-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-003-0692-2