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Effect of green tea and Tai Chi on bone health in postmenopausal osteopenic women: a 6-month randomized placebo-controlled trial

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Abstract

Summary

Postmenopausal women with osteopenia received green tea polyphenols (GTP) supplement and/or Tai Chi exercise for 6 months. Bone turnover biomarkers, calcium metabolism, and muscle strength were measured. This study showed that GTP supplementation and Tai Chi exercise increased bone formation biomarkers and improved bone turnover rate. Tai Chi exercise increased serum parathyroid hormone. GTP supplementation, Tai Chi exercise, and the combination of the two all improved muscle strength in postmenopausal women with osteopenia.

Introduction

This study evaluated the effect of GTP supplementation and Tai Chi (TC) exercise on serum markers of bone turnover (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, BAP, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, TRAP), calcium metabolism, and muscle strength in postmenopausal osteopenic women.

Methods

One hundred and seventy-one postmenopausal osteopenic women were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) placebo (500 mg starch/day), (2) GTP (500 mg GTP/day), (3) placebo + TC (placebo plus TC training at 60 min/session, three sessions/week), and (4) GTP + TC (GTP plus TC training). Overnight fasting blood and urine samples were collected at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months for biomarker analyses. Muscle strength was evaluated at baseline, 3, and 6 months. One hundred and fifty subjects completed the 6-month study.

Results

Significant increases in BAP level due to GTP intake (at 1 month) and TC (at 3 months) were observed. Significant increases in the change of BAP/TRAP ratio due to GTP (at 3 months) and TC (at 6 months) were also observed. Significant main effect of TC on the elevation in serum parathyroid hormone level was observed at 1 and 3 months. At 6 months, muscle strength significantly improved due to GTP, TC, and GTP + TC interventions. Neither GTP nor TC affected serum TRAP, serum and urinary calcium, and inorganic phosphate.

Conclusion

In summary, GTP supplementation and TC exercise increased BAP and improved BAP/TRAP ratio. TC exercise increased serum parathyroid hormone. GTP supplementation, TC exercise, and the combination of the two all improved muscle strength in postmenopausal women with osteopenia.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health under grant 1R21AT003735-01A1. The contents of this manuscript are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NCCAM or the National Institutes of Health. We gratefully acknowledge the study participants; without them, this study would not have been possible. We would like to thank Dr. Jay Magaziner (University of Maryland, MD) for their advice. We also thank Mary J. Flores, Raul Y. Dagda, and Marisela Dagda for their assistance in data collection. Clinical trial number: NCT00625391.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, BB 198, 3601 4th street, Lubbock, TX, 79430-9097, USA

    C.-L. Shen, M.-C. Chyu & B. C. Pence

  2. Department of Laboratory Science and Primary Care, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA

    C.-L. Shen

  3. Laura W. Bush Institute for Women’s Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA

    C.-L. Shen & Y. Zhang

  4. Healthcare Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA

    M.-C. Chyu

  5. Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA

    M.-C. Chyu

  6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA

    M.-C. Chyu

  7. Applied Bench Core Laboratory, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, NY, 11501, USA

    J. K. Yeh

  8. Department of Community and Family Medicine, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA

    Y. Zhang

  9. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA

    C. K. Felton

  10. Rehabilitation Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA

    J.-M. Brismée

  11. Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32303, USA

    B. H. Arjmandi

  12. Clinical Research Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA

    S. Doctolero

  13. Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    J.-S. Wang

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  1. C.-L. Shen
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Correspondence to C.-L. Shen.

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Shen, CL., Chyu, MC., Yeh, J.K. et al. Effect of green tea and Tai Chi on bone health in postmenopausal osteopenic women: a 6-month randomized placebo-controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 23, 1541–1552 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1731-x

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