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Effect of Zoledronate on Bone Quality in the Treatment of Aseptic Loosening of Hip Arthroplasty in the Dog

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Abstract

Periprosthetic bone loss, which is a direct cause of aseptic loosening in total hip arthroplasty (THA), can be suppressed by bisphosphonates. It is unknown how the quality of this bone is affected in the presence of both wear debris (from implant) and bisphosphonates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of zoledronate (ZLN) on bone quality in the presence of wear debris [polyethylene (PE) particles] in a canine model of uncemented THA. Thirty dogs underwent THA, and aseptic loosening was induced via implantation of PE particles packed into the femoral component. For 26 weeks until sacrifice, two groups (each n = 10) received weekly injections of ZLN (low dose 2 μg/kg, high dose 10 μg/kg) and the third group (control) received saline. Histological and radiographic examinations were performed to evaluate the degree of implant reaction. Histomorphometry (static/dynamic) was performed to evaluate bone turnover. Back-scattered electron imaging was used to quantify the newly formed bone and to evaluate the mineralization distribution. Density fractionation and X-ray diffraction were used to evaluate mineral properties, while four-point bending was used to determine mechanical properties. A dose-dependent presence of newly formed subperiosteal bone was found, which appeared to be less mineralized than the adjacent cortical bone. The high-dose ZLN group showed decreased cortical porosity and turnover and increased mineralization profile, failure strength, and modulus. We conclude that ZLN affects some of the material properties of cortical bone and allows the newly formed subperiosteal bone to remain and therefore affect the overall quality of the bone.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Novartis Company.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada

    L. M. Wise, R. Cheung, R. A. Kandel & M. D. Grynpas

  2. Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    L. M. Wise, R. A. Kandel & M. D. Grynpas

  3. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada

    S. D. Waldman

  4. Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

    M. Kasra

  5. Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada

    A. Binnington

  6. Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    L. M. White

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  1. L. M. Wise
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  8. M. D. Grynpas
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Correspondence to M. D. Grynpas.

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Wise, L.M., Waldman, S.D., Kasra, M. et al. Effect of Zoledronate on Bone Quality in the Treatment of Aseptic Loosening of Hip Arthroplasty in the Dog. Calcif Tissue Int 77, 367–375 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-005-0062-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-005-0062-3

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