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Phylogeography of the Indo-Pacific parrotfish Scarus psittacus: isolation generates distinctive peripheral populations in two oceans

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Abstract

Phylogenetic, phylogeographic, population genetic and coalescence analyses were combined to examine the recent evolutionary history of the widespread Indo-Pacific parrotfish, Scarus psittacus, over a geographic range spanning three marine biogeographic realms. We sequenced 164 individuals from 12 locations spanning 17,000 km, from 55ºE to 143ºW, using 322 base pairs of mitochondrial control region (D-loop). S. psittacus displayed high haplotype (h = 0.83–0.98), but low nucleotide (<1%) diversity. Most (>83%) genetic variation was within populations. AMOVA revealed significant partitioning and identified five geographic groups. These included one central population and four populations peripheral to the centre. The central population occupied reefs from Western Australia to Tahiti and represented the central Indo-Pacific biogeographic realm. Cocos Keeling was distinct from central and western Indo-Pacific biogeographic realms occupying a position intermediate to these. Peripheral populations (Hawaii, Marquesas) represented the eastern Indo-Pacific biogeographic realm, while Seychelles represented the western Indo-Pacific biogeographic realm. All but the central population expanded (<163 kya). Whilst all populations experienced major sea level and SST changes associated with Pleistocene glaciation cycles, the genetic structure of the central population was relatively homogenous unlike the remaining genetically distinctive populations.

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Acknowledgments

Funding and logistic support were provided by The National Geographic Society, (Cocos Keeling, Marquesas), The Queensland Government/Smithsonian Institution Collaborative Research Program on Reef Fishes, The Smithsonian Institution, The Seychelles Fishing Authority, Cocos Keeling and Christmas Island National Parks, Department of Environment and Heritage Australia, The Taiwan National Museum, The Australian Institute of Marine Science, The Lizard Island Research Station, the University of Guam Marine Laboratory; University of Hawaii Marine Laboratory and the James Cook University internal funding scheme. Tahiti specimens were collected by M. Meekan, W. Murray, R. Thorne, J. Robinson, J. Ackerman, W. Robbins, Li Shu Chen and L. Rocha. C. Birkeland provided logistic and field assistance, collection of specimens and access to Museum material. Collections on the GBR were carried out under GBRMPA Permit number G03/3871.1. S. Klanten, D. Blair and the JCU Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory assisted with laboratory work and analysis. The work was carried out under James Cook University Ethics Approval No. A503.

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  1. Kate L. Winters

    Present address: Minerals Management Service, Biological Science Unit (MS 5432), Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, 1201 Elmwood Pkwy Blvd, New Orleans, LA, 70123, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, School of Tropical and Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia

    Kate L. Winters, Lynne van Herwerden & J. Howard Choat

  2. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama

    D. R. Robertson

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  1. Kate L. Winters
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  2. Lynne van Herwerden
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Correspondence to Lynne van Herwerden.

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Communicated by T. Reusch.

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Winters, K.L., van Herwerden, L., Choat, J.H. et al. Phylogeography of the Indo-Pacific parrotfish Scarus psittacus: isolation generates distinctive peripheral populations in two oceans. Mar Biol 157, 1679–1691 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-010-1442-4

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