Abstract
The gene content of a mitochondrial (mt) genome, i.e., 37 genes and a large noncoding region (LNR), is usually conserved in Metazoa. The arrangement of these genes and the LNR is generally conserved at low taxonomic levels but varies substantially at high levels. We report here a variation in mt gene content and gene arrangement among chigger mites of the genus Leptotrombidium. We found previously that the mt genome of Leptotrombidium pallidum has an extra gene for large-subunit rRNA (rrnL), a pseudo-gene for small-subunit rRNA (PrrnS), and three extra LNRs, additional to the 37 genes and an LNR typical of Metazoa. Further, the arrangement of mt genes of L. pallidum differs drastically from that of the hypothetical ancestor of the arthropods. To find to what extent the novel gene content and gene arrangement occurred in Leptotrombidium, we sequenced the entire or partial mt genomes of three other species, L. akamushi, L. deliense, and L. fletcheri. These three species share the arrangement of all genes with L. pallidum, except trnQ (for tRNA-glutamine). Unlike L. pallidum, however, these three species do not have extra rrnL or PrrnS and have only one extra LNR. By comparison between Leptotrombidium species and the ancestor of the arthropods, we propose that (1) the type of mt genome present in L. pallidum evolved from the type present in the other three Leptotrombidium species, and (2) three molecular mechanisms were involved in the evolution of mt gene content and gene arrangement in Leptotrombidium species.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Min Hu for advice on the construction of rRNA secondary structures and the editor and two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. This research was sponsored by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the Australian Research Council (ARC). R.S. was a JSPS postdoctoral fellow and is an ARC Australian postdoctoral fellow.
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[Reviewing Editor: Dr. Martin Kreitman]
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Shao, R., Barker, S.C., Mitani, H. et al. Molecular Mechanisms for the Variation of Mitochondrial Gene Content and Gene Arrangement Among Chigger Mites of the Genus Leptotrombidium (Acari: Acariformes). J Mol Evol 63, 251–261 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-005-0196-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-005-0196-y