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Immune-related genes associated with intestinal tissue in the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima

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An Erratum to this article was published on 11 June 2008

Abstract

We have analyzed 5,173 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from three cDNA libraries of normal and regenerating intestinal tissue of the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima and found 22 putative immune-related genes. These sequences showed similarities (e-value ≤ 10−8) to genes involved in immune processes or expressed by immune cells. Sequences were analyzed using bioinformatic tools to determine a putative identity. In addition, phylogenetic analyses were performed to find relationships with similar proteins in other organisms. The mRNAs for ten sequences were detected in coelomocytes by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, five of them showed a significant increase in expression after an LPS challenge, while the other five showed no significant changes. These results show the variety of immune molecules that may be found in holothurians and support the idea that the invertebrate immune system is more than a collection of simple innate responses. Our study also provides new data of importance in deciphering the evolution and development of the immune system.

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Abbreviations

EST:

expressed sequence tag

LPS:

lipopolysaccharides

ORF:

open reading frame

UTR:

untranslated region

RT-PCR:

reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by SCORE-NIH-5S06GM08102 and NSF-IBN-0110692. Partial support was also provided by NIH INBRE P20RR16470, NIH-RCMI RR0-3641-01, and The University of Puerto Rico. This project made use of computational resources at the High Performance Computing Facility of the University of Puerto Rico (UPR-HPCf). The authors appreciate the editorial comments of Dr Sheila Ward.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23360, UPR Station, Río Piedras, San Juan, PR, 00931-3360, USA

    Francisco Ramírez-Gómez, Pablo A. Ortíz-Pineda, Carmencita Rojas-Cartagena, Edna C. Suárez-Castillo & José E. García-Ararrás

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  1. Francisco Ramírez-Gómez
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  2. Pablo A. Ortíz-Pineda
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  3. Carmencita Rojas-Cartagena
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  4. Edna C. Suárez-Castillo
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  5. José E. García-Ararrás
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Correspondence to José E. García-Ararrás.

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An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-008-0280-8.

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Fig. 1S a

Dose–response curve for the phagocytic activity (PA) of holothurian coelomocytes. Phagocytic activity is defined as the number of coelomocytes with ingested fluorescent beads divided into the total number of cells and multiplied by 100. Data represents the means (±SD) for four different animals for each LPS dose. Significant difference (*p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01) of PA between the different doses of LPS and the control group were indicated with asterisks. b Overlay of phase contrast and fluorescence micrographs of coelomocytes with ingested beads without LPS induction (saline injected) (b1) and with 0.5 mg LPS (b2). Nuclei are stained blue with Hoestch, and beads appear in green. Notice that the number of ingested beads is higher in LPS-treated coelomocytes than saline-treated. Scale bar represents 20 μm (GIF 182 kb)

Fig. S2

Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of holothurian ferritin (gi152143914). The 5′ UTR has an IRE with the signature sequence, 5′-CAGTGN-3′, and a C (boxed) at six nucleotides upstream of the IRE. Dashed arrows indicate the RT-PCR primer annealing sites. Polyadenylation sites are double underlined (GIF 155 kb)

Fig. S3

Alignments between domains found in the selected holothurian ESTs and their respective homologous domains found in NCBI’s conserved domain database (CDD) (Marchler-Bauer et al. 2005) (GIF 81 kb )

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Ramírez-Gómez, F., Ortíz-Pineda, P.A., Rojas-Cartagena, C. et al. Immune-related genes associated with intestinal tissue in the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima . Immunogenetics 60, 57–71 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-007-0258-y

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