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Comparison of the use of the humerus intramedullary nail and dynamic compression plate for the management of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus. A randomised controlled study

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the results of the humerus intramedullary nail (IMN) and dynamic compression plate (DCP) for the management of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus. Forty-seven patients with diaphyseal fracture of the shaft of the humerus were randomised prospectively and treated by open reduction and internal fixation with IMN or DCP. The criteria for inclusion were grade 1 or 2a compound fractures, polytrauma, early failure of conservative treatment and unstable fractures. The patients with pathological fractures, grade 3 open fractures, refractures and old neglected fractures of the humerus were excluded from the study. Twenty-three patients underwent internal fixation by IMN and 24 by DCP. Reamed antegrade nailing was done in all cases. DCP was done through an anterolateral or posterior approach. The outcome was assessed in terms of the union time, union rate, functional outcome and the incidence of complications. Functional outcome was assessed using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons’ Score (ASES). On comparing the results by independent samples t test, there was no significant difference in ASES scores between the two groups (P>0.05). The average union time was found to be significantly lower for IMN as compared to DCP (P<0.05). The union rate was found to be similar in both groups. Complications such as infection were found to be higher with DCP as compared to IMN, while shortening of the arm (1.5–4 cm) and restriction of shoulder movements due to impingement by the nail were found to be higher with IMN as compared to DCP. However, this improved in all patients following the removal of the nail once the fracture had healed. This study proves that IMN can be considered a better surgical option for the management of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus as it offers a short union time and lower incidence of serious complicatins like infection. However, there appears to be no difference between the two groups in terms of the rate of union and functional outcome.

Résumé

Le but de cette étude est de comparer les résultats de l’enclouage centro médullaire de l’humérus à ceux d’une plaque en compression dans le traitement des fractures diaphysaires. Quarante-sept patients avec une fracture diaphysaire de l’humérus ont été traités prospectivement, de façon randomisée par réduction à foyer ouvert et une fixation soit par clou centro médullaire (IMN) ou par plaque à compression (DCP). Les critères d’inclusion des patients ont été des fractures de grade 1 à 2a dans le cadre d’un polytraumatisme, après échec d’un traitement conservateur ou une fracture instable. Les patients avec une fracture pathologique, les fractures ouvertes de grade 3, les fractures itératives ou les fractures négligées ont été exclues de cette étude. Vingt-trois patients ont bénéficié d’un clou centro médullaire, 24 d’une plaque de compression. Problème du clou: les clous ont été mis en place après alésage, dans tous les cas, les plaques après un abord antéro latéral ou postérieur. Ont été étudiés en termes de consolidation, de résultats fonctionnels et de complications. Les résultats ont été appréciés selon le score de l’Association américaine de Chirurgie du coude et de l’épaule (ASES). La comparaison des résultats montre qu’il n’y a pas de différence significative entre les deux groupes (P>0,05). Le temps de consolidation a été significativement réduit pour l’enclouage centro médullaire comparé à l’ostéosynthèse par plaque (P<0,05). Il y a beaucoup plus de complications infectieuses avec l’ostéosynthèse par plaque comparée au clou. Par contre, la diaphyse humérale a été raccourcie de 1.5 à 4 cm avec l’enclouage et cet enclouage a entraîné une limitation des mouvements de l’épaule de façon plus importante, celle-ci s’améliorera après ablation du clou. Cette étude prouve que le clou centro médullaire dans le traitement des fractures de la diaphyse humérale peut être considérée comme la meilleure option chirurgicale, néanmoins il n’y a pas de différence entre les deux groupes en terme de consolidation et de devenir fonctionnel.

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Changulani, M., Jain, U.K. & Keswani, T. Comparison of the use of the humerus intramedullary nail and dynamic compression plate for the management of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus. A randomised controlled study. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 31, 391–395 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-006-0200-1

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