Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Virtuelle Mikroskopie

Erste Anwendungen

Virtual microscopy: first applications

  • Neue Techniken
  • Published:
Der Pathologe Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Die rasante Entwicklung der Computertechnologie ermöglicht es seit kurzem, ganze histologische Präparate einzuscannen. Die digitalisierten Präparate können über den Webbrowser von beliebig vielen Pathologen oder Studierenden gleichzeitig und ortsunabhängig am Computerbildschirm mikroskopiert werden. Für die Benutzung des virtuellen Mikroskops wird lediglich ein Computerarbeitsplatz mit einer schnellen Internetanbindung benötigt. Damit steht die virtuelle Mikroskopie einem sehr breiten Nutzerkreis offen. Ein virtuelles Mikroskopsystem besteht aus 3 Komponenten: Akquisition, Server und Client. Die Entwicklung entsprechender Systeme durch Universitäten und kommerzielle Anbieter ist weltweit in vollem Gang. Vorgestellt wird ein neu entwickeltes virtuelles Mikroskopsystem mit dem Namen vMic, das virtuelle Präparate von sehr hoher Bildqualität liefert. Erste erfolgreiche Anwendungen in Form von Online-Schnittseminaren und einem Histologiepraktikum für Zahnmediziner sind frei im Internet einsehbar (http://www.vmic.unibas.ch). Kommerziell erhältliche und einfach zu bedienende ultraschnelle Präparatscanner und die rasch voranschreitende technische Entwicklung eröffnen der virtuellen Mikroskopie zahlreiche Einsatzmöglichkeiten in Lehre, Forschung und Dienstleistung. Dank zusätzlicher Funktionen ist es gut möglich, dass reale Mikroskope in einigen Jahren durch Computerarbeitsplätze ersetzt werden.

Abstract

Only recently fast-paced developments in computer technology allowed for the digitization of complete histologic slides. The resulting virtual slides may be viewed via webbrowser by any number of pathologists or students independent of time and location. Usage of a virtual microscope simply requires a computer workstation with a fast internet connection, which opens this technology to a broad public. A virtual microscopy system consists of three components: acquisition, server and client. Such systems are under development by different commercial and academic bodies worldwide. We have developed a virtual microscope system called vMic (http://www.vmic.unibas.ch) which provides virtual slides of very high image quality. Several successfully held online slide seminars and a histology course for students in dentistry are freely accessible in the internet. With the commercial availability of ultra rapid and easy-to-use slide scanners and the fast improvements of technology virtual microscopy will offer many applications in teaching, research and diagnostics. Thanks to additional functionalities, real microscopes will most likely be replaced by computer workstations in a couple of years.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3

Literatur

  1. Afework A, Beynon MD, Bustamante F et al. (1998) Digital dynamic telepathology — the Virtual Microscope. Proc AMIA Symp, pp 912–916

  2. Bamford WM, Rogers N, Kassam M et al. (2003) The development and evaluation of the UK national telepathology network. Histopathology 42:110–119

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Blake CA, Lavoie HA, Millette CF (2003) Teaching medical histology at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine: transition to virtual slides and virtual microscopes. Anat Rec B New Anat 275:196–206

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. WHO Blue Books, http://www.iarc.fr/WHO-BlueBooks/, Accessed on 1/2005

  5. Brauchli K, Christen H, Haroske G et al. (2002) Telemicroscopy by the internet revisited. J Pathol 196:238–243

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Catalyurek U, Beynon MD, Chang C et al. (2003) The virtual microscope. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed 7:230–248

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Costello SS, Johnston DJ, Dervan PA, O’Shea DG (2003) Development and evaluation of the virtual pathology slide: a new tool in telepathology. J Med Internet Res 5:e11

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Cross SS, Dennis T, Start RD (2002) Telepathology: current status and future prospects in diagnostic histopathology. Histopathology 41:91–109

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. European Internet College of Cytology, http://www.crsg.ubc.kun.nl/college/ECCabout.htm, Accessed on 1/2005

  10. Dee FR, Lehman JM, Consoer D et al. (2003) Implementation of virtual microscope slides in the annual pathobiology of cancer workshop laboratory. Hum Pathol 34:430–436

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Demichelis F, Barbareschi M, Dalla Palma P, Forti S (2002) The virtual case: a new method to completely digitize cytological and histological slides. Virchows Arch 441:159–164

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Demichelis F, Della Mea V, Forti S et al. (2002) Digital storage of glass slides for quality assurance in histopathology and cytopathology. J Telemed Telecare 8:138–142

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Dunn BE, Choi H, Almagro UA, Recla DL (2001) Combined robotic and nonrobotic telepathology as an integral service component of a geographically dispersed laboratory network. Hum Pathol 32:1300–1303

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Giltnane JM, Rimm DL (2004) Technology insight: identification of biomarkers with tissue microarray technology. Nature Clin Pract Oncol 1:104–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Glatz-Krieger K, Glatz D, Gysel M et al. (2003) [Web-based learning tools in pathology]. Pathologe 24:394–399

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Glatz-Krieger K, Glatz D, Mihatsch MJ (2003) Virtual slides: high-quality demand, physical limitations, and affordability. Hum Pathol 34:968–974

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Harris T, Leaven T, Heidger P et al. (2001) Comparison of a virtual microscope laboratory to a regular microscope laboratory for teaching histology. Anat Rec 265:10–14

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Harrison JH Jr, Stewart J 3rd (2003) Training in pathology informatics: implementation at the University of Pittsburgh. Arch Pathol Lab Med 127:1019–1025

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Heidger PM Jr, Dee F, Consoer D et al. (2002) Integrated approach to teaching and testing in histology with real and virtual imaging. Anat Rec 269:107–112

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Henricks WH, Boyer PJ, Harrison JH et al. (2003) Informatics training in pathology residency programs: proposed learning objectives and skill sets for the new millennium. Arch Pathol Lab Med 127:1009–1018

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. HiPaKu — Histopathologiekurs, http://www.alf3.urz.unibas.ch/hipaku/, Accessed on 1/2005

  22. Oral Histology, http://www.oralhisto.unibas.ch/, Accessed on 1/2005

  23. InterPath, http://www.interpath1.uio.no/telemedisin/WebInterPath/interpathindex.htm, Accesed on 5/2005

  24. Kant JA (2001) A tale of two systems: pathology resident recruitment in and out of the National Resident Matching Program. Hum Pathol 32:677–679

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kumar RK, Velan GM, Korell SO et al. (2004) Virtual microscopy for learning and assessment in pathology. J Pathol 204:613–618

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Bacus Laboratories, http://www.bacuslabs.com/, Accessed on 1/2005

  27. Leong FJ, Graham AK, Schwarzmann P, McGee JO (2000) Clinical trial of telepathology as an alternative modality in breast histopathology quality assurance. Telemed J E Health 6:373–377

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Leong FJ, McGee JO (2001) Automated complete slide digitization: a medium for simultaneous viewing by multiple pathologists. J Pathol 195:508–514

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Mairinger T (2000) Acceptance of telepathology in daily practice. Anal Cell Pathol 21:135–140

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Marchevsky AM, Relan A, Baillie S (2003) Self-instructional „virtual pathology“ laboratories using web-based technology enhance medical school teaching of pathology. Hum Pathol 34:423–429

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Marchevsky AM, Wan Y, Thomas P et al. (2003) Virtual microscopy as a tool for proficiency testing in cytopathology: a model using multiple digital images of Papanicolaou tests. Arch Pathol Lab Med 127:1320–1324

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Molnar B, Berczi L, Diczhazy C et al. (2003) Digital slide and virtual microscopy based routine and telepathology evaluation of routine gastrointestinal biopsy specimens. J Clin Pathol 56:433–438

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Neuroinformatica, http://www.neuroinformatica.com/, Accessed on 1/2005

  34. Okada DH, Binder SW, Felten CL et al. (1999) „Virtual microscopy“ and the internet as telepathology consultation tools: diagnostic accuracy in evaluating melanocytic skin lesions. Am J Dermatopathol 21:525–531

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Olympus, http://www.soft-imaging.de/rd/english/3412.htm, Accessed on 1/2005

  36. Ohio State University Medical Center AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource, http://www.virtualmicroscope.osu.edu/tma.htm, Accessed on 1/2005

  37. Romer DJ, Suster S (2003) Use of virtual microscopy for didactic live-audience presentation in anatomic pathology. Ann Diagn Pathol 7:67–72

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Ruiter DJ, Roald B, Underwood J, Prat J (2004) Histopathology training in Europe: a lesson for other specialties? Virchows Arch 444:278–282

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Scanscope, http://www.scanscope.com/scanscope/index.asp, Accessed on 1/2005

  40. Semantic Web, World Wide Web Consortium W3C, http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/, Accessed on 1/2005

  41. vMic Slide Seminars, http://www.vmic.unibas.ch/patho/seminar/, Accessed on 1/2005

  42. Virtual Pathology Slide, http://www.telepathology.dcu.ie/vps02.php3?hits=,

  43. Dermatopathology slides, http://www.pathmax.com/apiii/exp.html, Accessed on 1/2005

  44. Sobonya RE, Weinstein RS (2001) Pathology manpower: a few rays of sunshine. Hum Pathol 32:669–670

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Steinberg DM, Ali SZ (2001) Application of virtual microscopy in clinical cytopathology. Diagn Cytopathol 25:389–396

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Symposium 7: Worldwide accreditation of pathologists (2002). Histopathology 41 Suppl 2:113–119

    Google Scholar 

  47. Taylor RN, Gagnon M, Lange J et al. (1999) CytoView. A prototype computer image-based Papanicolaou smear proficiency test. Acta Cytol 43:1045–1051

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Telepathology City, Commercial Solutions, http://www.telepathologycity.com/systems.htm, Accessed on 1/2005

  49. Engineering a semantic web for pathology. Net.ObjectDays. Erfurt, Germany., http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/inst/ag-nbi/research/swpatho/icwe04.pdf, Accessed on 1/2005

  50. Van Den Tweel J, Taylor CR (2002) Globalization of pathology training and examination: The time to begin is now. Hum Pathol 33:861–862

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Virtual Pathology Slide, http://www.telepathology.dcu.ie/vps02.php3, Accessed on 1/2005

  52. Virtual Slidebox, http://www.path.uiowa.edu/virtualslidebox/, Accessed on 1/2005

  53. vMic, http://www.vmic.unibas.ch, Accessed on 1/2005

  54. Atlas of breast histopathology, http://www2.primed.helsinki.fi/webmicroscope/atlases/breast/brcatlas_start.asp, Accessed on 1/2005

  55. Weinstein RS (2003) The education of professionals. Hum Pathol 34:415–416

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Weinstein RS, Descour MR, Liang C et al. (2001) Telepathology overview: from concept to implementation. Hum Pathol 32:1283–1299

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Weinstein RS, Descour, MR, Liang C et al. (2004) An array microscope for ultrarapid virtual slide processing and telepathology. Design, fabrication, and validation study. Hum Pathol 35:1303–1314

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Zito FA, Marzullo F, D’Errico D et al. (2004) Quicktime virtual reality technology in light microscopy to support medical education in pathology. Mod Pathol 17:728–731

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt:

Keine Angaben

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Schweiz

    K. Glatz-Krieger & M. J. Mihatsch

  2. Universitätsrechenzentrum, Basel, Schweiz

    D. Glatz

  3. Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsspital, Schönbeinstraße 40, 4031, Basel, Schweiz

    K. Glatz-Krieger

Authors
  1. K. Glatz-Krieger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. Glatz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. J. Mihatsch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. Glatz-Krieger.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Glatz-Krieger, K., Glatz, D. & Mihatsch, M.J. Virtuelle Mikroskopie. Pathologe 27, 469–476 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-005-0782-1

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-005-0782-1

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Search

Navigation