Abstract
Pa served as tissue phantoms to evaluate such effects. Holmium laser pulses (wavelength: 2.12 μm, duration: 180 μs FWHM), were delivered through 400 and 600 μm diameter optical fibers inserted into cubes of clear gel. Bubble effects were investigated using simultaneous flash micro-videography and pressure recording for radiant exposures of 20–382 J/cm2.Bubble formation and bubble collapse induced pressure transients were observed regardless of phantom stiffness. Bubbles of up to 4.2 mm in length were observed in gels with a Young’s modulus of 2.9×105 Pa at a pulse energy of 650 mJ. An increase of Young’s modulus (reduction in water content) led to a monotonic reduction of bubble size. In the softest gels, bubble dimensions exceeded those observed in water. Pressure amplitudes at 3 mm decreased from 100±14 bars to 17±6 bars with increasing Young’s modulus over the studied range. Theoretical analysis suggested a major influence on bubble dynamics of the mass and energy transfer through the bubble boundary.
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Received: 26 August 1996/Revised version: 10 February 1997
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Asshauer, T., Delacrétaz, G., Jansen, E. et al. Pulsed holmium laser ablation of tissue phantoms: correlation between bubble formation and acoustic transients . Appl Phys B 65, 647–657 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/s003400050327
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s003400050327