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CD83: an update on functions and prospects of the maturation marker of dendritic cells

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Abstract

CD83 is one of the most characteristic cell surface markers for fully matured dendritic cells (DCs). In their function as antigen presenting cells they induce T-cell mediated immune responses. In this review we provide an overview on well described and proposed functions of this molecule as well as on very recent insights and new hypothesis. Already the CD83 messenger RNA processing differs remarkably from the processing of other cellular mRNAs: instead of the usual TAP mRNA export pathway, the CD83 mRNA is exported by the specific CRM1-mediated pathway, utilized only by a minority of cellular mRNAs. On the protein level, two different isoforms of CD83 exist: a membrane-bound and a soluble form. The isoforms are generated by different subsets of cells, including DCs, T-cells and B-cells, and also differ in their biological function. While the membrane-bound CD83 is of immune stimulatory capacity, activates T-cells and is important for the generation of thymocytes, the soluble CD83 has the opposite effect and has an immune inhibitory capacity. Due to its immune inhibitory function, CD83 has great potential for treatment of autoimmune diseases, for organ transplantations, and for immunotherapy, just to name a few examples. Moreover, some viruses prevent recognition by the host’s immune system by specifically targeting CD83 surface expression.

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Abbreviations

APC:

Antigen presenting cells

ARE:

AU-rich element

DCs:

Dendritic cells

eIF-5A:

Eucaryotic initiation factor 5A

EAE:

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

ERG:

Early response gene

hCD83ext:

Soluble CD83 (sCD83)

HCMV:

Human cytomegalovirus

HIV-1:

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1

HSV-1:

Herpes simplex virus type 1

iDCs:

Immature dendritic cells

mCD83:

Membrane-bound CD83

mDCs:

Mature dendritic cells

mRNA:

Messenger RNA (ribonucleic acid)

NPC:

Nuclear pore complex

PBMCs:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells

PRE:

Posttranscriptional regulatory element (inside the CD83 mRNA)

sCD83:

Soluble CD83 (often referred to as hCD83ext)

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Acknowledgments

The authors apologize for all the interesting studies from many other colleagues that were not mentioned in this review due to space limitations. Furthermore, the authors thank Dr. Kerstin Zander for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFB 643, Grant A4, by the “Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung, IZKF”, University Hospital Erlangen, Grant B6, and by the “Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung” (BMBF), “Nationales Genomforschungsnetz-2” (NGFN-2), Grant NIE-S10T02.

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  1. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Hartmannstrasse 14, 91052, Erlangen, Germany

    Alexander T. Prechtel & Alexander Steinkasserer

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  1. Alexander T. Prechtel
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  2. Alexander Steinkasserer
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Correspondence to Alexander T. Prechtel.

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Prechtel, A.T., Steinkasserer, A. CD83: an update on functions and prospects of the maturation marker of dendritic cells. Arch Dermatol Res 299, 59–69 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-007-0743-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-007-0743-z

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