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Polish version of the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) scale: the results in treatment-resistant depression

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Abstract

We performed the factor analysis of the Polish version of the Hypomania Check List (HCL-32) scale and assessed the utility of HCL-32 in discriminating patients with treatment-resistant and treatment non-resistant depression. The study included 1,051 patients with single or recurrent depressive episode among which 569 met the criteria for treatment-resistant depression. The Polish version of HCL-32 was employed to all patients. The Cronbach’s alpha for entire scale was 0.93 which indicates high degree of consistency. The factor analysis of the scale yielded three factors with item loadings of 0.4 or more. Factor 1, comprising ten items connected with elevated mood and increased activity explained more than half of total variance, Factor 2 (two items) was connected with sexual activity, and factor 3 (three items) with irritability. The mean score of HCL-32 was significantly higher in treatment-resistant versus non-resistant depression (11.9 ± 8.3 vs. 8.5 ± 7.7, respectively, P < 0.001). Also, the percentage of patients having positive response to 14 or more items of the scale was significantly higher in treatment-resistant than in non-resistant depression (43.9 vs. 30.0%, respectively, P < 0.001). Therefore, using Polish version of HCL-32 we have confirmed the association between bipolarity and worse response to antidepressant drugs in patients with mood disorders.

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Acknowledgments

The study was supported by scientific grant provided by Sanofi-Aventis Poland. The authors thank Ewa Kraszewska from Statmed, Poland, for excellent statistical work, and Dr Alex Gamma from Zurich University, for statistical consultation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul.Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznan, Poland

    Janusz K. Rybakowski & Dorota Lojko

  2. Zurich University Psychiatric Hospital, P.O. Box 1931, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland

    Jules Angst

  3. Department of Adult Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, ul.Kopernika 21, 31-501, Krakow, Poland

    Dominika Dudek & Marcin Siwek

  4. Department of Psychiatry, Medical University, ul.Pasteura 10, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland

    Tomasz Pawlowski & Andrzej Kiejna

Authors
  1. Janusz K. Rybakowski
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  2. Jules Angst
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  3. Dominika Dudek
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  4. Tomasz Pawlowski
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  5. Dorota Lojko
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  6. Marcin Siwek
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  7. Andrzej Kiejna
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Correspondence to Janusz K. Rybakowski.

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Rybakowski, J.K., Angst, J., Dudek, D. et al. Polish version of the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) scale: the results in treatment-resistant depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 260, 139–144 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-009-0030-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-009-0030-4

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