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Influence of exercise on nutritional requirements

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Abstract

There is no consensus on the best diet for exercise, as many variables influence it. We propose an approach that is based on the total energy expenditure of exercise and the specific macro- and micronutrients used. di Prampero quantified the impact of intensity and duration on the energy cost of exercise. This can be used to determine the total energy needs and the balance of fats and carbohydrates (CHO). There are metabolic differences between sedentary and trained persons, thus the total energy intake to prevent overfeeding of sedentary persons and underfeeding athletes is important. During submaximal sustained exercise, fat oxidation (FO) plays an important role. This role is diminished and CHO’s role increases as exercise intensity increases. At super-maximal exercise intensities, anaerobic glycolysis dominates. In the case of protein and micronutrients, specific recommendations are required. We propose that for submaximal exercise, the balance of CHO and fat favors fat for longer exercise and CHO for shorter exercise, while always maintaining the minimal requirements of each (CHO: 40% and fat: 30%). A case for higher protein (above 15%) as well as creatine supplementation for resistance exercise has been proposed. One may also consider increasing bicarbonate intake for exercise that relies on anaerobic glycolysis, whereas there appears to be little support for antioxidant supplementation. Insuring minimal levels of substrate will prevent exercise intolerance, while increasing some components may increase exercise tolerance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 124 Sherman Hall, Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA

    D. R. Pendergast, A. Limprasertkul & N. M. Fisher

  2. Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    K. Meksawan

  3. Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA

    D. R. Pendergast, K. Meksawan & A. Limprasertkul

  4. Department of Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA

    N. M. Fisher

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  1. D. R. Pendergast
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  2. K. Meksawan
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  3. A. Limprasertkul
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  4. N. M. Fisher
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Correspondence to D. R. Pendergast.

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Communicated by Susan Ward.

This article is published as part of the Special Issue dedicated to Pietro di Prampero, formerly Editor-in-Chief of EJAP.

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Pendergast, D.R., Meksawan, K., Limprasertkul, A. et al. Influence of exercise on nutritional requirements. Eur J Appl Physiol 111, 379–390 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1710-5

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