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The salivary glands as a privileged site of cytomegalovirus immune evasion and persistence

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Abstract

The salivary glands (SG) provide a haven for persistent cytomegalovirus replication, and in this regard are a privileged site of virus immune evasion. The murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) model has provided insight into the immunological environment of the SG and the unqiue virus–host relationship of this organ. In response to MCMV infection, a robust T cell-mediated immune response is elicited, comprised predominantly of CD8+ T cells that phenotypically and functionally appear activated. However, they fail to clear virus by an unknown evasion mechanism that is independent of inhibitory NKG2A- or Programmed Death 1-mediated signaling. Virus is eventually eliminated from the SG by effector CD4+ T cells expressing antiviral cytokines. However, this mechanism is severely dampened by high levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10, selectively expressed by SG CD4+ T cells.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the generous contribution of Dr Gordon J. Freeman (Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA) who provided the anti-PD-L1 blocking antibodies. This work was supported by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services grant R03 AI45084 (AEC) and partially by grant R01 CA41451 (AEC).

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 W. Olney Road, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA

    Ann E. Campbell, Victoria J. Cavanaugh & Jacquelyn S. Slater

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  1. Ann E. Campbell
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Correspondence to Ann E. Campbell.

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Campbell, A.E., Cavanaugh, V.J. & Slater, J.S. The salivary glands as a privileged site of cytomegalovirus immune evasion and persistence. Med Microbiol Immunol 197, 205–213 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-008-0077-2

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