Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Cystic echinococcosis in Jordan: socioeconomic evaluation and risk factors

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Parasitology Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The costs of illness and surgical intervention for human cystic echinococcosis (CE) cases in Jordan was economically evaluated by 77 surgeons and 77 CE patients. The cost of diagnosis for each CE case was US$ 111.30 and $ 146.20 as estimated by surgeons and patients, respectively. The cost of surgical extraction of hydatid cysts for each case was US$ 590.20 and $ 638.50 as estimated by both groups, respectively. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of 77 CE patients as well as several Jordanian groups with different occupations including 144 shepherds, 119 settled livestock owners, 25 slaughter house workers, 400 university students and 80 inhabitants of a CE focus in southern Jordan were analyzed through a set of questionnaires. All of these groups had poor knowledge of CE, especially the source and causes of infection. All practices and attitudes of each group favored continuous transmission of the parasite and indicate the need for the implementation of a proper control program in the country.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdel-Hafez SK, Kamhawi SA (1997) Cystic echinococcosis in the levant countries (Jordan, Palestinian Autonomy, Israel, Syria and Lebanon). In: Andersen FL, Ouhelli H, Kachani M (eds) Compendium on cystic echinococcosis in Africa and Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco. Brigham Young University, Provo, pp 292–316

  • Abo-Shehada MN (1993) Some observations on hydatidosis in Jordan. J Helminthol 67:248–252

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abu-Hasan N, Daragmeh M, Adwan K, Al-Qaoud K, Abdel-Hafez SK (2002) Human cystic echinococcosis in West Bank of Palestine: surgical incidence and seroepidemiologic study. Parasitol Res 88: 107–112

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Yaman FM, Abdel-Hafez SK, Saliba EK (1987) Hydatidosis: global and local importance. Part I. Global importance. Jordan Med J 21:119–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Yaman FM, Abdel-Hafez SK Saliba EK (1988) Hydatidosis: global and local importance. Part II. Hydatidosis in Jordan. Jordan Med J 22:7–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersen FL (1993) General introduction to cystic echinococcosis and description of cooperative research efforts in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PRC. In: Andersen FL, Chai J, Liu F (eds) Compendium on cystic echinococosis with special references to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, The People's Republic of China. Brigham Young University, Provo, pp 3–15

  • Andersen FL (1997) Introduction to cystic echinococcosis and description of cooperative research project in Morocco. In: Andersen FL, Ouhelli H, Kachani M (eds) Compendium on cystic echinococcosis in Africa and Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco. Brigham Young University, Provo, pp 1–17

  • Andersen FI, Chai J, Liu F (eds) (1993) Compendium on cystic Eechinococosis with special references to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, The People's Republic of China. Brigham Young University, Provo

  • Andersen FI, Ouhelli H, Kachani M (eds) (1997) Compendium on cystic echinococcosis in Africa and Middle Eastern Countries with special reference to Morocco. Brigham Young University, Provo

  • Batelli G (2001) Socio-economic impact of the Echinococcus granulosus infection. In: Eckert J, Gemmel MA, Meslin FX, Pawlowski ZS (eds) WHO/OIE Manual on echinococcosis in humans and animals: a public health problem of global concern. World Organization for Animal Health, Paris, pp 225–229

  • Bonifacino R, Giacoia E, Murillo N, Oralando D, Perdomo R (1995) Echinococcosis in Uruguay. Echinomed 19:4

    Google Scholar 

  • Campos-Bueno A, Lopes-Abente G, Andres-Cercadillo AM (2000) Risk factors for Ecinococcus granulosus infection: a case-control study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62:329–334

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carmona C, Perdomo R, Carbo A, Alvarez C, Monti J, Grauert R, Stern D, Perara G, Lloyd S, Bazini R, Gemmell MA, Yarzabal L (1998) Risk factors associated with human cystic echinococcosis in Florida, Uruguay: result of a mass screening study using ultrasound and serology. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58:599–605

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chaouachi B, Ben Salah S, Lakhoua R, Hammou A, Gharbi HA, Saied H (1989) Hydatid cyst in children. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspect. Apropose of 1,195 cases. Ann Pediatr (Paris) 36:441–449

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen H, Paolillo E, Bonifacio R, Botta B, Parada L, Cabrera P, Snowden K, Gassetr R, Tessier R, Dibarboure L, Wen H, Allan JC, Alfaro H, Rogan MT, Craig PS (1998) Human cystic echinococcosis in a Uruguayan community: a sonographic, serologic, and epidemiologic study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59:620–627

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dar FK, Alkarmi T (1997) Cystic echinococcosis in the Gulf littoral states. In: Andersen FL, Ouhelli H, Kachani M (eds) Compendium on cystic echinococcosis in Africa and Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco. Brigham Young University, Provo, pp 281–291

  • Dowling PM, Abo-Shehada MN, Torgerson PR (2000) Risk factor associated with human cystic echinococcosis in Jordan: result of a case control study. Ann Trop Med Parasiol 94:69–75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahem MM, Gusbi AM (1997) Cystic echinococcosis in North Africa (excluding Morocco): veterinary aspects. In: Andersen FL, Ouhelli H, Kachani M (eds) Compendium on cystic echinococcosis in Africa and Middle Eastern Countries with special reference to Morocco. Brigham Young University, Provo, pp 169–185

  • Kachani M, Ouhelli H, Tabyaoui H, Bouslikhane M, Andersen FL (1997) Preparation and evaluation of educational aids on cystic echinococcosis in Morocco. In: Andersen FL, Ouhelli H, Kachani M (eds) Compendium on cystic echinococcosis in Africa and Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco., Brigham Young University, Provo, pp 169–185

  • Kalyoncu AF, Selcuk ZT, Emri AS, Coplu L, Sahin AA, Baris YL (1994) Hydatidosis in Turkey. Echinomed 17/18:5

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamhawi S (1995) A retrospective study of human cystic echinococcosis in Jordan. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 89:409–414

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khlifa K, Foulon G, Bchir A, Jeddi M, Fredj AH, Gharbi S, Gaumer B, Chaoual M, Jemmali M, Larouze B (1985) Cost of hydatidosis surgery at the Sousse University Hospital. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 78:691–695

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Letaief R, Khalfallah A, Hamida RB, Jerbi A, Said R, Ennabli K, Kehila M, Khabthani H, Gharbi S (1985) Abdomenothoracic hydatidosis. Evaluation of 5 years activity of the surgical service of the Farhat Hached de Sousse University Hospital. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 78:729–736

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyagoubi M, Mouline S, El Mesnaoui A, El-Aziz A, Cadi Soussi M (1997) Surgical procedures used in Morocco for the removal of hydatid cysts, In: Andersen FL, Ouhelli H, Kachani M (eds) Compendium on cystic echinococcosis in Africa and Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco. Brigham Young University, Provo, pp 186–193

  • Mahdi NK, Benyan AK (1990) Hydatidosis among Iraqi children. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 84:289–292

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ostanello F, Piccolomini LI, Martinello F, Vizioli M, Battelli G (1997) Echinococcosi/hydatidosis in Emilia-Romagna: a study of hospital admissions in the period of 1989–1993 (in Italian). Epidemiol Prev 21:41–47

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer JAW, Khan MY (1991) Echinococcosis (hydatid disease): lessons from experience with 59 patients. Rev Infec Dis 13:243–247

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schantz PM, Chai J, Craig PS, Eckert J, Jenkins DI, Macpherson CN, Thakur A (1995) Epidemiology and control of hydatid disease. In: Thompson RCA, Lymbry AJ (eds) Echinococcus and hydatid disease. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 233–331

  • Shambesh M (1997) Human cystic echinococcosis in North Africa (excluding Morocco). In: Andersen FL, Ouhelli H, Kachani M (eds) Compendium on cystic echinococcosis in Africa and Middle Eastern countries with special reference to Morocco. Brigham Young University, Provo, pp 223–244

  • Shambesh MA, Craig PS, Macpherson CN, Rogan MT, Gusbi AM, Echtuish EF (1999) An extensive ultrasound and serologic study to investigate the prevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in northern Libya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60:462–468

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shennak MM, Tarawneh MS, Amr SS, Al-Sheikh TM, Abo-Rajab MT, Grec SS (1985) Pattern of hepatomegaly in Jordanians: a prospective study of 800 cases. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 79:446–448

    Google Scholar 

  • Shweiki HM, Hira PR, Behbehanih K (1990) Cystic hydatid disease: aspects of the incidence in man in Kuwait, Arabian Gulf. Eur J Epidemiol 6:15–19

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Torgerson PR, Dowling PM (2001) Estimating the economic effect of cystic echinococcosis. Part 2: an economic region in the United Kingdom, industrialized economy. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 95177–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Torgerson PR, Carmona C, Bonifacio R (2000) Estimating the economic effect of cystic echinococcosis: Uruguay a developing country with upper middle income. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 94:703–713

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang YH, Rogan MT, Vuitton DA, Wen H, Bartholomot B, Macpherson CN, Zou PF, Ding ZX, Zhou HX, Zhang XF, Luo J, Xiong HB, Fu Y, Mcvie A, Giraudoux P, Yang WG, Craig PS (2001) Cystic echinococcosis in semi-nomadic pastoral communities in north-west China. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95:153–158

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watson-Jones DL, Craig PS, Badamochir D, Rogan MT, Wen H, Hind B (1997) A pilot serological survey for cystic echinococcosis in north-western Mongolia. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 91:173–177

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the technical assistance of Ms. Amal abu-Ghazaleh. This work received financial support from the NIAID-NIH (Grant no. AI-45194), the European Commission (EC contract IC18-CT98-0354), and Yarmouk University Research Council.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan

    M. A. Nasrieh, S. K. Abdel-Hafez & S. A. Kamhawi

  2. Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford , M5 4WT, UK

    P. S. Craig

  3. Division of Parasitic Disease, National Center for Infectious Disease, Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA

    P. M. Schantz

Authors
  1. M. A. Nasrieh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. K. Abdel-Hafez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. A. Kamhawi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. P. S. Craig
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. P. M. Schantz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. K. Abdel-Hafez.

Appendices

Appendices

Appendix 1

Table 5 shows the questionnaire used to estimate the cost of diagnosis, surgery and hospitalization of CE patients.

Table 5. A questionnaire to estimate the cost of diagnosis, surgery and hospitalization of CE patients as determined by 77 surgeons in Jordan. J.D. indicates Jordanian dinar which is equivalent to US$ 1.4
Full size table

Appendix 2

Table 6 shows the questionnaire used to estimate the socioeconomic aspects of CE.

Table 6. A questionnaire to estimate socioeconomic aspects of CE by 77 surgically confirmed patients
Full size table

Appendix 3

Table 7 shows the questionnaire used to determine knowledge, attitude and practices for CE.

Table 7 . A questionnaire to determine knowledge, attitude and practices for CE among livestock owners, shepherds, slaughterhouse workers, inhabitants of a CE focus and university students
Full size table

Appendix 4

Table 8 shows the questionnaire used to determine general condition, waste disposal aspect of dog-man in the vicinity of slaughterhouses in Jordan.

Table 8. A questionnaire to determine general condition, waste disposal aspect of dog-man in the vicinity of seven slaughterhouses in Jordan
Full size table

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nasrieh, M.A., Abdel-Hafez, S.K., Kamhawi, S.A. et al. Cystic echinococcosis in Jordan: socioeconomic evaluation and risk factors. Parasitol Res 90, 456–466 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-003-0883-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-003-0883-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation