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Quality of diabetes care in Austrian diabetic patients willing to participate in a DMP – at baseline

Qualität der Versorgung von österreichischen Diabetikern, die zur Teilnahme an einem DMP bereit waren – Ausgangsdaten

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Zusammenfassung

HINTERGRUND: Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 stellt weltweit eine bedeutende Herausforderung für Gesundheitssysteme dar. Die Versorgung von Diabetikern ist nicht optimal. Disease Management Programme (DMPs) wurden entwickelt um diese Versorgungsdefizite zu überwinden, jedoch ist die Datenlage hinsichtlich der Effektivität von DMPs nicht schlüssig. Eine mögliche Ursache für die Inkonsistenz der gemessenen Effekte könnte Selektionsbias sein. In freiwillige Programme werden vermutlich eher hochmotivierte Patienten eingeschlossen, die den Diabetes bereits relativ gut unter Kontrolle haben. Wohingegen andere Programme, die speziell auf Diabetiker mit schlechter metabolischer Kontrolle abzielen, möglicherweise aufgrund von Regression zur Mitte größere Effekte aufzeigen. Aus diesem Grund untersuchten wir die Ausgangsdaten und die Versorgungsqualität von Patienten, die zum Eintritt in das DMP "Therapie Aktiv" für Typ 2 Diabetes bereit waren. METHODEN: Die Studie wurde allen Allgemeinmedizinern und Internisten in Salzburg angeboten. Es sollten alle Patienten mit Diabetes Typ 2 nach den WHO/ADA Kriterien rekrutiert werden, die zur Teilnahme am DMP bereit waren. Daten hinsichtlich metabolischer Kontrolle, medikamentöser Therapie, kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren und diabetischen Spätkomplikationen wurden von allen Patienten erfasst und hinsichtlich Defiziten in der Versorgung analysiert. ERGEBNISSE: Von 92 Ärzten wurden insgesamt 1489 Patienten (mittleres Alter 65,4 ± 10,4 Jahre; 47,8 % weiblich) rekrutiert. 24,3 % aller Patienten (28,3 % der Männer und 20,1 % der Frauen) hatten mindestens eine diabetesassoziierte Spätkomplikation, mit einer signifikant höheren Rate an kardiovaskulären Komplikationen in der männlichen Studienpopulation. 80,7 % aller Patienten standen unter Medikation mit oralen Antidiabetika, Insulin oder einer Kombination aus beidem. Hinsichtlich der Versorgungsqualität fanden sich 5 % aller Patienten mit einem HbA1c Wert über 7,5 % gänzlich ohne antidiabetische Medikation. 15,3 % der Studienpopulation mit erhöhten Blutdruckwerten hatte keine antihypertensive Therapie und 36,6 % der Studienteilnehmer mit manifester kardiovaskulärer Erkrankung standen nicht unter Therapie mit Statinen. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Die Resultate unserer Studie zeigen auf, dass ein Großteil der Patienten leitliniengerecht behandelt wird. Dennoch bestehen Defizite in der Diabetikerversorgung und damit ein mögliches Verbesserungspotential durch die Implementierung eines DMPs.

Summary

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus type 2 plays an important role in population health worldwide, and diabetes care has been shown to be insufficient. Disease management programmes (DMPs) have been designed to overcome these deficiencies, but data on their effectiveness are inconclusive. One reason for the inconsistent extent of effects may be selection bias. Voluntary programmes might recruit preferably highly motivated patients who are already quite successful in managing diabetes. Other programmes enrol primarily patients with poor metabolic control which may lead to the demonstration of fairly large effects due to regression to the mean. We therefore investigated the baseline characteristics of patients willing to enrol in the Austrian DMP for diabetes mellitus type 2 ("Therapie aktiv"), and their quality of care. METHODS: We offered the study to all GPs and internists in the province of Salzburg. The physicians were asked to recruit all patients with type 2 diabetes according to WHO/ADA-criteria willing to participate in the Austrian DMP "Therapie aktiv". For all patients, data regarding metabolic control, medication, cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes complications were recorded and then analysed to detect deficiencies in care. RESULTS: One thousand Four hundred and eighty-nine patients (mean age 65.4 ± 10.4 years; 47.8% women) were recruited by 92 physicians. 24.3% of all participants (28.3% of the men and 20.1% of the women) had at least one diabetes-related complication with a significantly higher rate of cardiovascular complications in the male study population. 80.7% of all patients were treated with oral antidiabetics, insulin or both. With regards to quality of care 5% of all patients with an HbA1c above 7.5% did not receive any antidiabetic medication at all. 15.3% of the study population with high blood pressure was not supplied with any antihypertensive medication and 36.6% of the study participants with cardiovascular disease were not treated with a statin. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the majority of the patients receive treatment in adherence to current guidelines. Nevertheless there are deficits in care and hence room for improvement by implementation of the DMP.

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Abbreviations

ADA:

American Diabetes Association

AVOS:

Arbeitskreis Vorsorgemedizin Salzburg (Workinggroup for Preventive Medicine, Salzburg)

DMP:

disease management programme

FQSD-Ö:

Forum Qualitätssicherung in der Diabetologie-Österreich (Forum for the Assurance of Quality in Diabetes Care in Austria

GP:

General practitioner

ÖDG:

Österreichische Diabetes Gesellschaft (Austrian Diabetes Association)

ÖGAM:

Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin (Austrian Association of General Practice)

PMU:

Paracelsus Medical University

RCT:

Randomised controlled trial

SGKK:

Salzburger Gebietskrankenkasse (Health Insurance of the Province of Salzburg)

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Correspondence to Maria Flamm.

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Maria Flamm, Henrike Winkler, Sigrid Panisch, Peter Kowatsch, Gert Klima, Bernhard Fürthauer and Raimund Weitgasser authors contributed equally to this work.

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Flamm, M., Winkler, H., Panisch, S. et al. Quality of diabetes care in Austrian diabetic patients willing to participate in a DMP – at baseline. Wien Klin Wochenschr 123, 436–443 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-011-1600-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-011-1600-9

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