Summary
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is associated with a broad range of syndromes. In this study, 19 of 870 samples from pigs from different Brazilian states were found to be positive for PCV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A fragment of 700 nt of the cap gene (ORF-2) from the 19 PCV-2-positive samples were sequenced using three pairs of primers (Fa/Ra, Fb/Rb and Fc/Rc). Maximum parsimony genealogy with a heuristic algorithm using the 19 field strain studied here, 21 sequences from GenBank and PCV-1 as an out-group showed the existence of two major clusters (A and B) and the Brazilian strains segregating in both of them. PCV-2 was found in pigs with various clinical signs. No association between clusters of PCV-2 and different states or clinical signs were observed, demonstrating that the exact role of PCV-2 in porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD) in Brazil still needs to be clarified. These results contribute to the molecular characterization of PCV-2, which serve as a basis for the epimiology of PCV-2 infection.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
GM Allan JA Ellis (2000) ArticleTitlePorcine circoviruses: a review J Vet Diagn Invest 12 3–14 Occurrence Handle10690769 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7lt1Khug%3D%3D
GM Allan F Mc Neilly BM Meehan S Kennedy DP Mackie JA Ellis EG Clark E Espuna N Saubi P Riera A Botner CE Charreyre (1999) ArticleTitleIsolation and characterization of circoviruses from pigs with wasting syndromes in Spain, Denmark and Northern Ireland Vet Microbiol 66 115–123 Occurrence Handle10227473 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0378-1135(99)00004-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhs1Omu7g%3D
GM Allan F Mc Neilly BM Meehan S Kennedy D Johnston J Ellis S Krakowa C Fossum E Wattrang P Wallgren (2002) ArticleTitleReproduction of PMWS with a 1993 Swedish isolate PCV-2 Vet Rec 150 255–256 Occurrence Handle11916032 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD387otlChuw%3D%3D
P Blanchard D Mahé R Cariolet C Truong M Le Dimna C Arnauld N Rose E Eveno E Albina F Madec A Jestin (2003) ArticleTitleAn ORF2 protein-based ELISA for porcine circovirus type 2 antibodies in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome Vet Microbiol 94 183–194 Occurrence Handle12814886 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0378-1135(03)00131-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXksF2gtL8%3D
C Boisseson V Beven L Bigarre R Thiery N Rose E Eveno F Madec A Jestin (2004) ArticleTitleMolecular characterization of Porcine circovirus type 2 isolates from post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome-affected and non-affected pigs J Gen Virol 85 293–304 Occurrence Handle14769887 Occurrence Handle10.1099/vir.0.19536-0
C Chae (2005) ArticleTitleA review of porcine circovirus 2-associated syndromes and diseases Vet J 169 326–336 Occurrence Handle15848776 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.01.012 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjsFGqtL4%3D
P Chomkzynski (1993) ArticleTitleA reagent for the single step simultaneous isolation of RNA, DNA and proteins from cells and tissue samples Biotechniques 15 532–537
Ciacci-Zanella JR, Morés N, Schiochet MF, Trombetta C (2001) Diagnóstico molecular e caracterização de circovirus suíno tipo 2 isolado no Brasil. In: Proc XI Congresso Brasileiro de Veterinários Especialistas em suínos. Porto Alegre, Brazil, October 15–18, pp 97–98
A Dan T Molnar I Biksi R Glavits MA Shaheim B Harrach (2003) ArticleTitleCharacterisation of Hungarian porcine circovirus 2 genomes associated with PMWS and PDNS cases Acta Vet Hung 51 IssueID4 551–562 Occurrence Handle14680067 Occurrence Handle10.1556/AVet.51.2003.4.13 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXit1WlsA%3D%3D
R Drolet R Larochelle M Morin B Delisle R Magar (2003) ArticleTitleDetection rates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2, and swine influenza virus in porcine proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia Vet Pathol 40 143–148 Occurrence Handle12637753 Occurrence Handle10.1354/vp.40-2-143 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s7itl2ktQ%3D%3D
JA Ellis A Bratanich EG Clark G Allan B Meehan DM Haines J Harding KH West S Krakowka C Konoby L Hassard K Martin F McNeilly (2000) ArticleTitleCo infection by porcine circoviruses and porcine parvovirus in pigs with naturally acquired postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome J Vet Diagn Invest 12 21–27 Occurrence Handle10690771 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7lt1Kgsg%3D%3D
J Ellis E Clark D Haines K West S Krakowa S Kennedy GM Allan (2004) ArticleTitlePorcine circovirus-2 and concurrent infections in the field Vet Microbiol 98 159–163 Occurrence Handle14741128 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.10.008 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXltVGkuw%3D%3D
MW Farnham YK Choi SM Goyal HS Joo (2003) ArticleTitleIsolation and characterization of porcine circovirus type-2 from sera of stillborn fetuses Can J Vet Res 67 108–113 Occurrence Handle12760475 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjvFOhuro%3D
M Fenaux PG Halbur M Gill TE Toth XJ Meng (2000) ArticleTitleGenetic characterization of type 2 porcine circovirus (PCV-2) from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in different geographic regions of North America and development of a differential PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay to detect and differentiate between infections with PCV-1 and PCV-2 J Clin Microbiol 38 2494–2503 Occurrence Handle10878032 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXltl2lt74%3D
A Gresham G Jackson N Giles G Allan F McNeilly S Kennedy (2000) ArticleTitlePMWS and porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome in Great Britain Vet Rec 146 143 Occurrence Handle10706335 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7mvVymsA%3D%3D
SS Grieson DP King GJ Wellenberg M Banks (2004) ArticleTitleGenome sequence analysis of 10 Dutch porcine circovirus type 2(PCV) isolates from a PMWS case-control study Res Vet Sci 77 IssueID3 265–268 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.04.008
TA Hall (1999) ArticleTitleBioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT Nucleic Acids Symp 41 95–98 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhtVyjs7Y%3D
AL Hamel LL Lin GP Nayar (1998) ArticleTitleNucleotide sequence of porcine circovirus associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs J Virol 72 5262–5267 Occurrence Handle9573301 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjtVehsL4%3D
PA Harms SD Sorden PG Halbur SR Bolin KM Lager I Morozov PS Paul (2002) ArticleTitleExperimental reproduction of severe disease in CD/CD pigs concurrently infected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Vet Pathol 38 528–539 Occurrence Handle10.1354/vp.38-5-528
L Jemersic Z Cvetnic I Toplak S Spicic J Grom D Barlic-Maganja S Terzic P Hostnik M Lojkic A Humski B Habrun B Krt (2004) ArticleTitleDetection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in pigs from Croatia Res Vet Sci 77 171–175 Occurrence Handle15196907 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.04.003 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXkvVensrc%3D
J Kim HK Chung C Chae (2003) ArticleTitleAssociation of porcine circovirus 2 with porcine respiratory disease complex Vet J 166 251–256 Occurrence Handle14550736 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1090-0233(02)00257-5 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3svnsFKktw%3D%3D
Kumar S, Tamura K, Jakobsen IB, Nei M (2000) Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 2.0. Pennylvania State University and Arizona State University, Tempe
R Larochelle R Magar S D’Allaire (2002) ArticleTitleGenetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) strains from cases presenting various clinical conditions Virus Res 90 101–112 Occurrence Handle12457966 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00141-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XovFertbg%3D
F Madec E Eveno P Morvan L Hamon P Blanchard R Cariolet N Amenna H Morvan C Truong D Mahé E Albina A Jestin (2000) ArticleTitlePostweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs in France: clinical observation from follow-up studies on affected farms Livestock Production Science 63 223–233 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0301-6226(99)00138-4
R Magar P Muller R Larochelle (2000) ArticleTitleRetrospective serological survey of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 1 and type 2 Can J Vet Res 64 184–186 Occurrence Handle10935885 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlslehtLk%3D
D Mahé P Blanchard C Truong C Arnauld P Le Cann R Cariolet F Madec E Albina A Jestin (2000) ArticleTitleDifferential recognition of ORF2 protein from type 1 and type 2 porcine circoviruses and identification of immunorelevant epitopes J Gen Virol 81 1815–1824 Occurrence Handle10859388
A Mankertz M Domingo JM Folch P LeCann A Jestin J Segales B Chmielewicz J Plana-Duran D Soike (2000) ArticleTitleCharacterization of PCV-2 isolates from Spain, Germany and France Virus Res 66 65–77 Occurrence Handle10653918 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0168-1702(99)00122-7 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXosVGmsw%3D%3D
A Mankertz B Hillenbrand (2002) ArticleTitleAnalysis of transcription of porcine circovirus type 1 J Gen Virol 81 1815–1824
A Mankertz R Caliskan K Hattermann B Hillenbrand P Kurzendoerfer B Mueller C Schmitt T Steinfeldt T Finsterbusch (2004) ArticleTitleMolecular biology of Porcine circovirus: analyses of gene expression and viral replication Vet Microbiol 98 81–88 Occurrence Handle14741119 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.10.014 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXltVGksw%3D%3D
J Posadas KA Crandall (1988) ArticleTitleModeltest: Testing the model of DNA substitution Bioinformatics 14 817–818 Occurrence Handle10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817
W Raye J Muhling L Warfe JR Buddle C Palmer GE Wilcox (2005) ArticleTitleThe detection of porcine circovirus in the Australian pig herd Aust Vet J 83 300–304 Occurrence Handle15957393 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD2MzgvF2mtA%3D%3D
C Rosell J Segales JA Ramos-Vara JM Folch GM Rodriguez-Arrioja CO Duran M Balasch J Plana-Duran M Domingo (2000) ArticleTitleIdentification of porcine circovirus tissues of pigs with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome Vet Rec 146 40–43 Occurrence Handle10678809 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7kt1aktQ%3D%3D
A Rovira M Balasch J Segalés L Garcia J Plana-Duran C Rossel H Ellerbrok A Mankertz M Domingo (2002) ArticleTitleExperimental inoculation of conventional pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus 2 J Virol 76 3232–3239 Occurrence Handle11884547 Occurrence Handle10.1128/JVI.76.7.3232-3239.2002 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xit1Gqurc%3D
J Sambrook EF Fritsch T Maniatis (1989) Molecular clonning: a laboratory manual EditionNumber2 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press New York
J Segales C Rosell M Domingo (2004) ArticleTitlePathological findings associated with naturally acquired porcine circovirus type 2 associated disease Vet Microbiol 98 137–149 Occurrence Handle14741126 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.10.006 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXltVGktQ%3D%3D
GW Stevenson M Kiupel SK Mittal J Choi KS Latimer L Kanitz (2001) ArticleTitleTissue distribution and genetic typing of porcine circoviruses in pigs with naturally occurring congenital tremors J Vet Diagn Invest 13 57–62 Occurrence Handle11243364 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3osFOgug%3D%3D
JD Thompson TJ Gibson F Plewnial F Jeanmougin DG Higgins (1997) ArticleTitleThe clustal_x windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignmentaided by quality analysis tools Nucleic Acids Res 25 4876–4882 Occurrence Handle9396791 Occurrence Handle10.1093/nar/25.24.4876 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXntFyntQ%3D%3D
KW West J Bystrom C Wojnarowicz (1999) ArticleTitleMyocarditis and abortion associated with intrauterine infection of sows with porcine circovirus-2 J Vet Diagn Invest 11 530–532 Occurrence Handle12968736 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3svivVSjsQ%3D%3D
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Martins Gomes de Castro, A., Cortez, A., Heinemann, M. et al. Genetic diversity of Brazilian strains of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) revealed by analysis of the cap gene (ORF-2). Arch Virol 152, 1435–1445 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-007-0976-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-007-0976-3