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Pseudorabies virus in wild swine: a global perspective

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Abstract

Suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV1, syn. Aujeszky’s disease virus [ADV] or pseudorabies virus [PrV]), which belongs to the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, genus Varicellovirus is the causative agent of Aujeszky’s disease (AD, pseudorabies), a notifiable disease, that causes substantial economic losses to the swine industry in countries, where AD is present. Members of the family Suidae (true pigs) are the only natural hosts for PrV, although the virus can infect numerous other mammals including ruminants, carnivores and rodents. Despite the tremendous progress that has been made in controlling and eliminating PrV in domestic pigs, there is mounting evidence that PrV infections are more widespread in wild swine across the world than originally thought. Unfortunately, our understanding of the extent of PrV infections in these wild populations and of the threat to domestic swine is still fragmentary. This review aims at giving a global perspective on PrV infections in wild swine by scrutinizing the current state of knowledge concerning (i) the global occurrence of PrV infections in free-living populations of wild swine, e.g., wild boar and feral swine, (ii) the molecular characterization of wild swine PrV, (iii) infection characteristics of PrV in populations of wild swine, (iv) the risk of spillover infections to domestic pigs, (v) potential risk-mitigating measures, focusing on further research needs.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which helped to improve the manuscript. We also thank Viola Damrau from the library at FLI for her continuous support. Gratefully acknowledged is the financial support by the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Seestrasse 55, 16868, Wusterhausen, Germany

    T. Müller, M. Kramer & C. Freuling

  2. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 61802, IL, USA

    E. C. Hahn

  3. Institute for Forest Ecology and Forest Inventory, Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, 16225, Eberswalde, Germany

    F. Tottewitz

  4. Institute of Molecular Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

    B. G. Klupp & T. C. Mettenleiter

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  1. T. Müller
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Correspondence to T. Müller.

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Müller, T., Hahn, E.C., Tottewitz, F. et al. Pseudorabies virus in wild swine: a global perspective. Arch Virol 156, 1691–1705 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-011-1080-2

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