Abstract
A grape bud EST library was constructed and 4,270 ESTs sequenced. The library clones were arrayed for the purpose of investigating the level of gene expression over time, particularly leading up to the buds’ release from dormancy. The arrays were hybridized with P33-labeled probes produced from samples of buds collected at weekly intervals. These probes covered the time from 9 weeks prior to bud burst until just after the emergence of the shoots. Expression patterns from these genes have been examined. It was found that 74% of the genes in the data set were homologous to known proteins. Genes were then assigned to functional categories according to their primary BLAST match. Of these 13% were involved with photosynthesis, 13% with disease resistance and defense, 5% energy, 12% metabolism, 20% protein production and processing, 25% cell structure and plant growth and the remaining 12% were unclassified The expression pattern of a selection of “candidate” genes retrieved from literature previously reporting an association with dormancy changes was assessed. On closer examination most of these genes relate to the oxidative processes and stress responses within the cell. The results of this study show that even in the dormant state, gene expression in the buds is high.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ablett E, Seaton G, Scott K, Shelton D, Graham M, Baverstock P, Lee LS, Henry R (2000) Analysis of grape ESTs: global gene expression patterns in leaf and berry. Plant Sci 159:87–95
Chang S, Puryear J, Cairney J (1993) A simple and efficient method for isolating RNA from pine trees. Plant Mol Biol Rep 11:117–121
Emmerson J, Powell L (1978) Endogenous abscisic acid in relation to rest and bud burst in three Vitis species. J Am Soc Hort Sci 103677–680
Ermolaeva O, Rastogi M, Pruitt K, Schuler G, Bittner M, Chen Y, Simon R, Meltzer P, Trent J, Boguski M (1998) Data management and analysis for gene expression arrays. Nat Genet 20:19–23
Foyer C, Lopez-Delgado H, Dat J, Scott I (1997) Hydrogen peroxide- and glutathione-associated mechanisms of acclimatory stress tolerance and signalling. Physiol Plant 100:241–254
Grochowska M, Karaszewska A, Jankowska B, Maksymiuk J (1984) Dormant pruning influence on auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin levels in apple trees. J Am Soc Hort Sci 109:312–318
Hedge P, Qi R, Abernathy K, Gay C, Dharap S, Gaspard R, Hughes J, Snesrud E, Lee N, Quackenbush J (2000) A concise guide to cDNA microarray analysis. Biotechniques 29:548–562
Kuhlemeier C, Green PJ, Chua NH (1987) Regulation of gene expression in higher plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 38:221–257
Lang GA (1989) Dormancy-models and manipulations of environmental/physiological regulation. In: Wright CJ (ed) Manipulation of fruiting. Butterworth, London, pp 79–98
Marrs K (1996) The functions and regulation of glutathione S-transferases in plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 47:127–158
Martin GC (1991) Bud dormancy in deciduous fruit trees. In: Steward FC (ed) Plant physiology: a treatise. (Growth and development, vol 10) Academic, New York, pp 183–225
Morrison JC (1991) Bud development in Vitis vinifera L. Bot Gaz 152:304–315
Or E, Vilozny I, Eyal Y, Ogrodovitch A (2000) The transduction of the signal for grape bud dormancy breaking induced by hydrogen cyanamide may involve the SNF-like protein kinase GDBRPK. Plant Mol Biol 43:483–494
Posluszny U, Gerrath JM (1985) The vegetative and floral development of the hybrid grape cultivar “Ventura”. Can J Bot 64:1620–1631
Prasad T (1996) Mechanisms of chilling-induced oxidative stress injury and tolerance in developing maize seedlings: changes in antioxidant system, oxidation of proteins and lipids and protease activity. Plant J 10:1017–1026
Pratt C (1974) Vegetative anatomy of cultivated grapes–a review. Am J Enol Vitic 25:131–149
Pratt C, Coombe BG (1978) Shoot growth and anthesis in Vitis. Vitis 17:125–133
Shulman Y, Nir G, Fanberstein L, Lavee S (1983) The effect of cyanamide on the release from dormancy of grapevine buds. Sci Hort 19:97–104
Shulman Y, Nir G, Lavee S (1986) Oxidative processes in bud dormancy and the use of hydrogen cyanamide in breaking dormancy. Acta Hort 1986:141–148
Singh N, Bracker C, Hasegawa P, Handa A, Buckel S, Hermodson M, Pfankoch E, Regnier F, Bressan R (1987) Characterization of osmotin. A thaumatin-like protein associated with osmotin adaptation in plant cells. Plant Physiol 85:529–536
Srinivasan C, Mullins M (1981) Physiology of flowering in the grapevine–a review. Am J Enol Vitic 32:47–63
Tamayo P, Slonim D, Mesirov J, Zhu Q, Kitareewan S, Dmitrovsky E, Lander E, Golub T (1999) Interpreting patterns of gene expression with self-organizing maps: methods and application to hematopoietic differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:2907–2912
Tohbe M, Mochioka R, Horiuchi S, Ogata T, Shiozaki S, Kurooka H (1998a) The role of glutathione on the onset of dormancy of grape buds. J Jpn Soc Hort Sci 67912–916
Tohbe M, Mochioka R, Horiuchi S, Ogata T, Shiozaki S, Kurooka H (1998b) Roles of ACC and glutathione during breaking of dormancy in grapevine buds by high temperature treatment. J Jpn Soc Hort Sci 67:897–901
Tomsett A, Thurman D (1988) Molecular biology of metal tolerances in plants. Plant Cell Environ 11:383–394
Wingate V, Lawton M, Lamb C (1988) Glutathione causes massive and selective induction of plant defense genes. Plant Physiol 87:206–210
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr David Oag for supplying the canes from which buds were collected, the Australian Agricultural Research Institute for funding and initiating the project, and the staff from DuPont at the Delaware Technology Park, Newark, USA for their help, hospitality and support during the project. A special thanks in particular to Sharon, Ada, Stan, Christine, Antoni and Karen from DuPont.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pacey-Miller, T., Scott, K., Ablett, E. et al. Genes associated with the end of dormancy in grapes. Funct Integr Genomics 3, 144–152 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-003-0094-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-003-0094-6