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Nanobiosensors: optofluidic, electrical and mechanical approaches to biomolecular detection at the nanoscale

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Abstract

Next generation biosensor platforms will require significant improvements in sensitivity, specificity and parallelity in order to meet the future needs of a variety of fields ranging from in vitro medical diagnostics, pharmaceutical discovery and pathogen detection. Nanobiosensors, which exploit some fundamental nanoscopic effect in order to detect a specific biomolecular interaction, have now been developed to a point where it is possible to determine in what cases their inherent advantages over traditional techniques (such as nucleic acid microarrays) more than offset the added complexity and cost involved constructing and assembling the devices. In this paper we will review the state of the art in nanoscale biosensor technologies, focusing primarily on optofluidic type devices but also covering those which exploit fundamental mechanical and electrical transduction mechanisms. A detailed overview of next generation requirements is presented yielding a series of metrics (namely limit of detection, multiplexibility, measurement limitations, and ease of fabrication/assembly) against which the various technologies are evaluated. Concluding remarks regarding the likely technological impact of some of the promising technologies are also provided.

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Acknowledgments

The authors of this article are thankful for the financial support of the National Science Foundation under grant number CBET-0529045, the National Institutes of Health—National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering under grant number R21EB007031, the Biomolecular Devices and Analysis program of the Nanobiotechnology Center at Cornell University, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Young Investigator Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, 240 Upson Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    David Erickson & Bernardo Cordovez

  2. Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Sudeep Mandal

  3. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Allen H. J. Yang

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  1. David Erickson
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  2. Sudeep Mandal
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  3. Allen H. J. Yang
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  4. Bernardo Cordovez
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Correspondence to David Erickson.

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Erickson, D., Mandal, S., Yang, A.H.J. et al. Nanobiosensors: optofluidic, electrical and mechanical approaches to biomolecular detection at the nanoscale. Microfluid Nanofluid 4, 33–52 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-007-0198-8

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