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Breeding for 50-kHz Positive Affective Vocalization in Rats

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Abstract

Adolescent and adult rats exhibit at least two distinct ultrasonic vocalizations that reflect distinct emotional states. Rats exhibit 22-kHz calls during social defeat, drug withdrawal, as well as in anticipation of aversive events. In contrast, 50-kHz calls are exhibited in high rates during play behavior, mating, as well as in anticipation of rewarding events. The neurochemistry of 22-kHz and 50-kHz calls closely matches that of negative and positive emotional systems in humans, respectively. The aim of this study was to replicate and further evaluate selective breeding for 50-kHz vocalization, in preparation for the analysis of the genetic underpinnings of the 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalization (USV). Isolate housed adolescent rats (23–26 days old) received experimenter administered tactile stimulation (dubbed “tickling”), which mimicked the rat rough-and-tumble play behavior. This stimulation has previously been shown to elicit high levels of 50-kHz USVs and to be highly rewarding in isolate-housed animals. Each tickling session consisted of 4 cycles of 15 seconds stimulation followed by 15 seconds no stimulation for a total of 2 min, and was repeated once per day across 4 successive days. Rats were then selected for either High or Low levels of sonographically verified 50-kHz USVs in response to the stimulation, and a randomly selected line served as a control (Random group). Animals emitted both 22-kHz and 50-kHz types of calls. After 5 generations, animals in the High Line exhibited significantly more 50-kHz and fewer 22-kHz USVs than animals in the Low Line. Animals selected for low levels of 50-kHz calls showed marginally more 22-kHz USVs then randomly selected animals but did not differ in the rate of 50-kHz calls. These results extend our previous findings that laboratory rats could be bred for differential rates of sonographically verified 50-kHz USVs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, 43403, OH, USA

    Jeffrey Burgdorf & Jaak Panksepp

  2. Falk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, McCormick School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA

    Jaak Panksepp, Roger Kroes & Joseph R. Moskal

  3. Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada

    Stefan M. Brudzynski

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  1. Jeffrey Burgdorf
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  2. Jaak Panksepp
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  3. Stefan M. Brudzynski
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  4. Roger Kroes
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  5. Joseph R. Moskal
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Correspondence to Jaak Panksepp.

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Burgdorf, J., Panksepp, J., Brudzynski, S.M. et al. Breeding for 50-kHz Positive Affective Vocalization in Rats. Behav Genet 35, 67–72 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-004-0856-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-004-0856-5

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