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Analysis of the presence of cutaneous and mucosal papillomavirus types in ductal lavage fluid, milk and colostrum to evaluate its role in breast carcinogenesis

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Abstract

Several independent studies have presented evidence for the involvement of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the aetiology of human breast cancer, while others have reported the opposite findings. Here, we have analysed by a high sensitive multiplex PCR-based method the prevalence of alpha mucosal and beta cutaneous HPV DNA in 90 ductal lavages, colostrum and milk. Ten of the 70 DLs analyzed (14%) contained a single or multiple beta HPV types, while DNA from mucosal high-risk HPV types was detected in only one sample (1/70). A strong reduction of HPV positivity in DL fluids was observed in 45 specimens collected after removal of the superficial layers of the nipple epidermis. All DLs were negative for the mucosal low-risk HPV types 6 and 11. Finally, HPV positivity was low in colostrum and milk. Our data show that DNA of alpha mucosa and beta cutaneous HPV types are rarely present in the breast fluids and suggest that a direct role of HPV in breast carcinogenesis is unlikely.

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Acknowledgement

We are grateful to all the members of our laboratory for their cooperation. The study was partially supported by grants from the European Union “INCA” (LSHC-2005-018704), the Association for International Cancer Research, La Ligue Contre le Cancer (Comité du Rhône and Comité de la Drôme).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Chemoprevention, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy

    Massimiliano Cazzaniga, Chiara Casadio, Debora Macis, Francesco Valenti, Mara Jo Miller, Bernardo Bonanni & Umberto Veronesi

  2. Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 150 Cours-Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France

    Tarik Gheit, Bakary S. Sylla & Massimo Tommasino

  3. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan

    Noureen Khan & Suminori Akiba

  4. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy

    Andrea Decensi

Authors
  1. Massimiliano Cazzaniga
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  2. Tarik Gheit
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  3. Chiara Casadio
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  4. Noureen Khan
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  5. Debora Macis
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  6. Francesco Valenti
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  7. Mara Jo Miller
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  8. Bakary S. Sylla
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  9. Suminori Akiba
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  10. Bernardo Bonanni
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  11. Andrea Decensi
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  12. Umberto Veronesi
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  13. Massimo Tommasino
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Massimo Tommasino.

Additional information

Massimiliano Cazzaniga, Debora Macis, Francesco Valenti and Mara Jo Miller collected and processed the breast lavages. Tarik Gheit performed the HPV analysis. Noureen Khan and Suminori Akiba collected the colostrum and milk specimens. Bakary S. Sylla, Andrea Decensi, Umberto Veronesi, Bernardo Bonanni, Chiara Casadio and Massimo Tommasino made the study design and prepared the manuscript.

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Cazzaniga, M., Gheit, T., Casadio, C. et al. Analysis of the presence of cutaneous and mucosal papillomavirus types in ductal lavage fluid, milk and colostrum to evaluate its role in breast carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 114, 599–605 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-008-0040-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-008-0040-3

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