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Fluorescent dye encapsulated ZnO particles with cell-specific toxicity for potential use in biomedical applications

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Abstract

Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-encapsulated SiO2 core-shell particles with a nanoscale ZnO finishing layer have been synthesized for the first time as multifunctional “smart” nanostructures. Detailed characterization studies confirmed the formation of an outer ZnO layer on the SiO2–FITC core. These ~200 nm sized particles showed promise toward cell imaging and cellular uptake studies using the bacterium Escherichia coli and Jurkat cancer cells, respectively. The FITC encapsulated ZnO particles demonstrated excellent selectivity in preferentially killing Jurkat cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal primary immune cells (18% and 75% viability remaining, respectively, after exposure to 60 μg/ml) and inhibited the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria at concentrations ≥250–500 μg/ml (for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively). These results indicate that the novel FITC encapsulated multifunctional particles with nanoscale ZnO surface layer can be used as smart nanostructures for particle tracking, cell imaging, antibacterial treatments and cancer therapy.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported in part by DoE-EPSCoR grant DE-FG02-04ER46142 (Dye encapsulation and fluorescent properties), NSF-Idaho-EPSCoR Program EPS-0447689 (biological studies), NSF-CAREER award DMR-0449639 (nanoparticle synthesis), NSF-MRI grants MRI-0521315, MRI-0619793 and MRI-0722699 (characterization studies), NIH awards 1R15 AI06277-01A1, 1R43 AR052955-01 and P20RR016454 (biological studies), and Mountain States Tumor and Medical Research Institute (biological studies). Some of the experiments were performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), which is a national scientific user facility operated by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, US Department of Energy at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA

    Hua Wang, K. M. Reddy, Paul Turner, Dmitri Tenne & Alex Punnoose

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA

    Denise Wingett, Kevin Feris, Janet Layne, Cory Hanley & Jason Bell

  3. Mountain States Tumor and Medical Research Institute, Boise, ID, 83702, USA

    Denise Wingett

  4. Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA

    Mark H. Engelhard & Chongmin Wang

  5. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India

    Alex Punnoose

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  1. Hua Wang
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Correspondence to Alex Punnoose.

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Wang, H., Wingett, D., Engelhard, M.H. et al. Fluorescent dye encapsulated ZnO particles with cell-specific toxicity for potential use in biomedical applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 20, 11–22 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-008-3541-z

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