Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

“Spicing Up” of the Immune System by Curcumin

  • Published:
Journal of Clinical Immunology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is an orange-yellow component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), a spice often found in curry powder. Traditionally known for its an antiinflammatory effects, curcumin has been shown in the last two decades to be a potent immunomodulatory agent that can modulate the activation of T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. Curcumin can also downregulate the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines including TNF, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and chemokines, most likely through inactivation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Interestingly, however, curcumin at low doses can also enhance antibody responses. This suggests that curcumin’s reported beneficial effects in arthritis, allergy, asthma, atherosclerosis, heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and cancer might be due in part to its ability to modulate the immune system. Together, these findings warrant further consideration of curcumin as a therapy for immune disorders.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Dobelis Hamper IN (ed): Magic and Medicine of Plants. Pleasantville, NY, Reader’s Digest Association, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  2. Srimal RC, Dhawan BN: Pharmacology of diferuloyl methane (curcumin), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. J Pharm Pharmacol 25(6):447–452, 1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Jain SK, DeFilipps RA: Medicinal Plants of India. Algonac, MI, Reference, 1991, p 120

    Google Scholar 

  4. Nadkarni AK: Indian Materia Medica, Vol 1. Bombay, India, Popular Book Depot, 1954

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chang HM, But BPH: Pharmacology and Applications of Chinese Materia Medica, Vol 2. Philadelphia, PA, World Scientific, 1986, pp 936–939

    Google Scholar 

  6. Tu G, Fang Q, Guo J, Yuan S, Chen C, Chen J, Chen Z, Cheng S, Jin R, Li M, et al.: Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. Guangzhou, P.R. China, Guangdong Science and Technology Press, 1992, pp 202–203

  7. Leung A: Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics. New York, Wiley, 1980, pp 313–314

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lampe V, Milobedeska J, Kostanecki V: Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 43:2163, 1910

    Google Scholar 

  9. Lampe V, Milobedeska J: Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 46:2235, 1913

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ammon HP, Wahl MA: Pharmacology of Curcuma longa. Planta Med 57(1):1–7, 1991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cheng AL, Hsu CH, Lin JK, Hsu MM, Ho YF, Shen TS, Ko JY, Lin JT, Lin BR, Ming-Shiang W, Yu HS, Jee SH, Chen GS, Chen TM, Chen CA, Lai MK, Pu YS, Pan MH, Wang YJ, Tsai CC, Hsieh CY: Phase I clinical trial of curcumin, a chemopreventive agent, in patients with high-risk or pre-malignant lesions. Anticancer Res 21(4B):2895–2900, 2001

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lao CD, Ruffin MT 4th, Normolle D, Heath DD, Murray SI, Bailey JM, Boggs ME, Crowell J, Rock CL, Brenner DE: Dose escalation of a curcuminoid formulation. BMC Complement Altern Med 6:10, 2006

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang YJ, Pan MH, Cheng AL, Lin LI, Ho YS, Hsieh CY, Lin JK: Stability of curcumin in buffer solutions and characterization of its degradation products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 15(12):1867–1876, 1997

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Wang F, Wu X, Wang F, Liu S, Jia Z, Yang J: The sensitive method for the determination of curcumin using the enhancement of mixed micelle. J Fluoresc 16(1):53–59, 2006

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Arora R, Kapoor V, Basu N, Jain AP: Anti-inflammatory studies on Curcuma longa (turmeric). Ind J Med Res 59:1289–1295, 1971

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Mukhopadhyay A, Basu N, Ghatak N: Anti-inflammatory and irritant activities of curcumin analogues rats. Agents Actions 12:508–515, 1982

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Srivastava R: Inhibition of neutrophil response by curcumin. Agents Actions 28:298–303, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Jobin C, Bradham CA, Russo MP, Juma, B, Narula AS, Brenner DA, Sartor RB: Curcumin blocks cytokine-mediated Nfkappa B activation and proinflammatory gene expression by inhibiting inhibitory factor I-κB kinase activity. J Immunol 163:3474–3483, 1999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Negi PS, Jayaprakasha GK, Jagan Mohan Rao L, Sakariah KK: Antibacterial activity of turmeric oil: A byproduct from curcumin manufacture. J Agric Food Chem 47:4297–4300, 1999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Mazumder A, Raghavan K, Weinstein J, Kohn KW, Pommier Y: Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 integrase by curcumin. Biochem Pharmcol 49:1165–1170, 1995

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bourne KZ, Bourne N, Reising SF, Stanberry LR: Plant products as topical microbicide candidates: Assessment of in vitro and in vivo activity against herpes simplex virus type 2. Antivir Res 42:219–226, 1999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Apisariyakul A, Vanittanakom N, Buddhasukh D: Antifungal activity of turmeric oil extracted from Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 49:163–169, 1995

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Reddy AC, Lokesh BR: Effect of curcumin and eugenol on iron-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. Toxicology 107(1):39–45, 1996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ramsewak RS, DeWitt DL, Nair MG: Cytotoxicity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of curcumins I-III from Curcuma longa. Phytomedicine 7:303–308, 2000

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ruby AJ, Kuttan G, Babu KD, Rajasekharan KN, Kuttan R: Anti-tumour and antioxidant activity of natural curcuminoids. Cancer Lett 94:79–83, 1995

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Balasubramanyam M, Koteswari AA, Kumar RS, Monickaraj SF, Maheswari JU, Mohan V: Curcumin-induced inhibition of cellular reactive oxygen species generation: Novel therapeutic implications. J Biosci 28(6):715–721, 2003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Garg AK, Buchholz TA, Aggarwal BB: Chemosensitization and radiosensitization of tumors by plant polyphenols. Antioxid Redox Signal 7(11–12):1630–1647, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Abraham SK, Sarma L, Kesavan PC: Protective effects of chlorogenic acid, curcumin and beta-carotene against gamma-radiation-induced in vivo chromosomal damage. Mutat Res 303(3):109–112, 1993

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Rezvani M, Ross GA: Modification of radiation-induced acute oral mucositis in the rat. Int J Radiat Biol 80(2):177–182, 2004

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Chendil D, Ranga RS, Meigooni D, Sathishkumar S, Ahmed MM: Curcumin confers radiosensitizing effect in prostate cancer cell line PC-3. Oncogene 23:1599–1607, 2004

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Khafif A, Hurst R, Kyker K, Fliss DM, Gil Z, Medina JE: Curcumin: A new radiosensitizer of squamous cell carcinoma cells. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 132:317–321, 2005

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Sidhu GS, Singh AK, Thaloor D, Banaudha KK, Patnaik GK, Srimal RC, Maheshwari RK: Enhancement of wound healing by curcumin in animals. Wound Repair Regen 6:167–177, 1998

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sidhu GS, Mani H, Gaddipati JP, Singh AK, Seth P, Banaudha KK, Patnaik GK, Maheshwari RK: Curcumin enhances wound healing in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and genetically diabetic mice. Wound Repair Regen 7:362–374, 1999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Jiang MC, Yang-Yen HF, Yen JJ, Lin JK: Curcumin induces apoptosis in immortalized NIH 3T3 and malignant cancer cell lines. Nutr Cancer 26:111–120, 1996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Huang M-T, Lou RY, Ma W, Newmark HL, Reuhl KR, Conney AH: Inhibitory effects of dietary curcumin on forestomach duodenal and colon carcinogenesis in mice. Cancer Res 54:5841–5847, 1994

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Huang M-T, Smart RC, Wong CQ, Conney AH: Inhibitory effect of curcumin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid on tumor promotion in mouse skin by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate. Cancer Res 48:5941–5946, 1988

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Wang ZY, Georgiadis CA, Laskin JD, Conney AH: Inhibitory effects of curcumin on tumor initiation by benzo(a)pyrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Carcinogenesis 54:5841–5847, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  38. Rao CV, Rivenson A, Simi B, Reddy BS: Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis by dietary curcumin, a naturally occurring plant phenolic compound. Cancer Res 55:259–266, 1995

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Pereira MA, Grubbs CJ, Barnes LH, Li H, Olson GR, Eto I, Juliana M, Whitaker LM, Kelloff GJ, Steele VE, Lubet RA: Effects of the phytochemicals, curcumin and quercetin upon azoxymethane induced colon cancer and 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced mammary cancer in rats. Carcinogenesis 17:1305–1311, 1996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Bhide SV, Azuine MA, Lahiri M, Telang NT: Chemoprevention of mammary tumor virus-induced and chemical carcinogen-induced rodent mammary tumors by natural plant products. Breast Cancer Res Treat 30:233–242, 1994

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Singletary K, MacDonald C, Wallig M, Fischer C: Inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary tumorigenesis and DMBA-DNA adduct formation by curcumin. Cancer Lett 103:137–141, 1996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Mohan R, Sivak J, Ashton P, Russo LA, Pham BQ, Kasahara N, Raizman MB, Fini ME: Curcuminoids inhibit the angiogenic response stimulated by fibroblast growth factor-2, including expression of matrix metalloproteinase gelatinase B. J Biol Chem 275:10405–10412, 2000

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Perkins S, Verschoyle RD, Hill K, Parveen I, Threadgill MD, Sharma RA, Williams ML, Steward WP, Gescher AJ: Chemopreventive efficacy and pharmacokinetics of curcumin in the min/ +mouse, a model of familial adenomatous polyposis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11(6):535–540, 2002

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Siwak DR, Shishodia S, Aggarwal BB, Kurzrock R: Curcumin-induced antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in melanoma cells are associated with suppression of IkappaB kinase and nuclear factor kappaB activity and are independent of the B-Raf/mitogen-activated/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathway and the Akt pathway. Cancer 104(4):879–890, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Holy JM: Curcumin disrupts mitotic spindle structure and induces micronucleation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Mutat Res 518:71–84, 2002

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Choudhuri T, Pal S, Agwarwal ML, Das T, Sa G: Curcumin induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells through p53-dependent Bax induction. FEBS Lett 512:334–340, 2002

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Aggarwal BB, Kumar A, Bharti AC: Anticancer potential of curcumin: preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res 23(1A):363–398, 2003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. LoTempio MM, Veena MS, Steele HL, Ramamurthy B, Ramalingam TS, Cohen AN, Chakrabarti R, Srivatsan ES, Wang MB: Curcumin suppresses growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 11(19 Pt 1):6994–7002, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Ranjan D, Chen C, Johnston TD, Jeon H, Nagabhushan M: Curcumin inhibits mitogen stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, NF-κB activation, and IL-2 signaling. J Surg Res 121(2):171–177, 2004

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Ranjan D, Johnston TD, Wu G, Elliott L, Bondada S, Nagabhushan M: Curcumin blocks cyclosporine A-resistant CD28 costimulatory pathway of human T-cell proliferation. J Surg Res 77(2):174–178, 1998

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Yadav VS, Mishra KP, Singh DP, Mehrotra S, Singh VK: Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 27:485–497, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Cipriani B, Borsellino G, Knowles H, Tramonti D, Cavaliere F, Bernardi G, Battistini L, Brosnan CF: Curcumin inhibits activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by phosphoantigens and induces apoptosis involving apoptosis-inducing factor and large scale DNA fragmentation. J Immunol 167(6):3454–3462, 2001

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Sikora E, Bielak-Zmijewska A, Piwocka K, Skierski J, Radziszewska E: Inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis of human and rat T lymphocytes by curcumin, a curry pigment. Biochem Pharmacol 54(8):899–907, 1997

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Tomita M, Kawakami H, Uchihara JN, Okudaira T, Masuda M, Takasu N, Matsuda T, Ohta T, Tanaka Y, Mori N: Curcumin suppresses constitutive activation of AP-1 by downregulation of JunD protein in HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines. Leuk Res 30(3):313–321, 2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Tomita M, Kawakami H, Uchihara JN, Okudaira T, Masuda M, Takasu N, Matsuda T, Ohta T, Tanaka Y, Ohshiro K, Mori N: Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) inhibits constitutive active NF-kappaB, leading to suppression of cell growth of human T-cell leukemia virus type I-infected T-cell lines and primary adult T-cell leukemia cells. Int J Cancer 118:765–772, 2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Li X, Liu X: Effect of curcumin on immune function of mice. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol Med Sci 25(2):137–140, 2005

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Churchill M, Chadburn A, Bilinski RT, Bertagnolli MM: Inhibition of intestinal tumors by curcumin is associated with changes in the intestinal immune cell profile. J Surg Res 89:169–175, 2000

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Gertsch J, Guttinger M, Heilmann J, Sticher O: Curcumin differentially modulates mRNA profiles in Jurkat T and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Bioorg Med Chem 11(6):1057–1063, 2003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Kuramoto Y, Yamada K, Tsuruta O, Sugano M: Effect of natural food colorings on immunoglobulin production in vitro by rat spleen lymphocytes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 60(10):1712–1713, 1996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Cohly HHP, Rao MR, Kanji VK, Patlolla B, Taylor A, Wilson MT, Angel MF, Das SK: Effect of turmeric, turmerin, and curcumin on Ca2+, Na/K+ ATPases in concanavalin A-stimulated human blood mononuclear cells. Int J Mol Sci 4:34–44, 2003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Ranjan D, Siquijor A, Johnston TD, Wu G, Nagabhuskahn M: The effect of curcumin on human B-cell immortalization by Epstein-Barr virus. Am Surg 64(1):47–51, 1998

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Han SS, Chung ST, Robertson DA, Ranjan D, Bondada S: Curcumin causes the growth arrest and apoptosis of B cell lymphoma by downregulation of egr-1, c-myc, bcl-XL, NF-kappa B, and p53. Clin Immunol 93:152–161, 1999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Joe B, Lokesh BR: Role of capsaicin, curcumin and dietary n − 3 fatty acids in lowering the generation of reactive oxygen species in rat peritoneal macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta 1224(2):255–263, 1994

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Joe B, Lokesh BR: Dietary n − 3 fatty acids, curcumin and capsaicin lower the release of lysosomal enzymes and eicosanoids in rat peritoneal macrophages. Mol Cell Biochem 203(1–2):153–161, 2000

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Bhaumik S, Jyothi MD, Khar A: Differential modulation of nitric oxide production by curcumin in host macrophages and NK cells. FEBS Lett 483:78–82, 2000

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. South EH, Exon JH, Hendrix K: Dietary curcumin enhances antibody response in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 19(1):105–119, 1997

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Gao X, Kuo J, Jiang H, Deeb D, Liu Y, Divine G, Chapman RA, Dulchavsky SA, Gautam SC: Immunomodulatory activity of curcumin: suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, development of cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and cytokine production in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 68:51–61, 2004

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Kim K, Ryu K, Ko Y, Park C: Effects of nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitors and its implication on natural killer T-cell lymphoma cells. Br J Haematol 131(1):59–66, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Crowley M, Inaba K, Steinman RM: Dendritic cells are the principal cells in mouse spleen bearing immunogenic fragments of foreign proteins. J Exp Med 172:383–386, 1990

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Steinman RM: The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity. Annu Rev Immunol 9:271–296, 1991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Cella M, Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A: Origin, maturation and antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells. Curr Opin Immunol 9:10–16, 1997

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Banchereau J, Steinman RM: Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 392:245–252, 1998

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Kim GY, Kim KH, Lee SH, Yoon MS, Lee HJ, Moon DO, Lee CM, Ahn SC, Park YC, Park YM: Curcumin inhibits immunostimulatory function of dendritic cells: MAPKs and translocation of NF-kappa B as potential targets. J Immunol 174(12):8116–8124, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Srivastava R: Inhibition of neutrophil response by curcumin. Agents Actions 28(3–4):298–303, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Antony S, Kuttan R, Kuttan G: Immunomodulatory activity of curcumin. Immunol Invest 28(5–6):291–303, 1999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Ju HR, Wu HY, Nishizono S, Sakono M, Ikeda I, Sugano M, Imaizumi K: Effects of dietary fats and curcumin on IgE-mediated degranulation of intestinal mast cells in brown Norway rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 60(11):1856–1860, 1996

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Flynn DL, Rafferty MF, Boctor AM: Inhibition of 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) formation in intact human neutrophils by naturally-occurring diarylheptanoids: Inhibitory activities of curcuminoids and yakuchinones. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 22(3):357–360, 1986

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Bielak-Zmijewska A, Koronkiewicz M, Skierski J, Piwocka K, Radziszewska E, Sikora E: Effect of curcumin on the apoptosis of rodent and human nonproliferating and proliferating lymphoid cells. Nutr Cancer 38(1):131–138, 2000

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Chan MM: Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor by curcumin, a phytochemical. Biochem Pharmacol 49(11):1551–1556, 1995

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Lantz RC, Chena GJ, Solyomb AM, Jolad SD, Timmermann BN: The effect of turmeric extracts on inflammatory mediator production. Phytomedicine 12:445–452, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Lee JJ, Huang WT, Shao DZ, Liao JF, Lin MT: Blocking NF-kappaB activation may be an effective strategy in the fever therapy. Jpn J Physiol 53(5):367–375, 2003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Abe Y, Hashimoto S, Horie T: Curcumin inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production by human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Pharmacol Res 39(1):41–47, 1999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Moon DO, Jin CY, Lee JD, Choi YH, Ahn SC, Lee CM, Jeong SC, Park YM, Kim GY: Curcumin decreases binding of Shiga-like toxin-1B on human intestinal epithelial cell line HT29 stimulated with TNF-alpha and IL-1beta: Suppression of p38, JNK and NF-kappaB p65 as potential targets. Biol Pharm Bull 29(7):1470–1475, 2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Gulcubuk A, Altunatmaz K, Sonmez K, Haktanir-Yatkin D, Uzun H, Gurel A, Aydin S: Effects of curcumin on tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the late phase of experimental acute pancreatitis. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 53:49–54, 2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Gaddipati JP, Sundar SV, Calemine J, Seth P, Sidhu GS, Maheshwari RK: Differential regulation of cytokines and transcription factors in liver by curcumin following hemorrhage/resuscitation. Shock 19(2):150–156, 2003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Siddiqui AM, Cui X, Wu R, Dong W, Zhou M, Hu M, Simms HH, Wang P: The anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin in an experimental model of sepsis is mediated by up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Crit Care Med 34(7):1874–1882, 2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Jang MK, Sohn DH, Ryu JH: A curcuminoid and sesquiterpenes as inhibitors of macrophage TNF-alpha release from Curcuma zedoaria. Planta Med 67(6):550–552, 2001

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Deeb D, Xu YX, Jiang H, Gao X, Janakiraman N, Chapman RA, Gautam SC: Curcumin (diferuloyl-methane) enhances tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2:95–103, 2003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Deeb D, Jiang H, Gao X, Hafner MS, Wong H, Divine G, Chapman RA, Dulchavsky SA, Gautam SC: Curcumin sensitizes prostate cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand/Apo2L by inhibiting nuclear factor-{kappa}B through suppression of I{kappa}B{alpha} phosphorylation. Mol Cancer Ther 3(7):803–812, 2004

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Jung E, Park MJ, Choi KS, Park J-W, Lee HI, Lee KS, Kwon TK: Curcumin sensitizes tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis- inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis through CHOP-independent DR5 upregulation. Carcinogenesis 27(10):2008–2017, 2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Jung EM, Lim JH, Lee TJ, Park J-W, Choi KS, Kwon TK: Curcumin sensitizes tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated upregulation of death receptor 5 (DR5). Carcinogenesis 26:1905–1913, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Terry CM, Clikeman JA, Hoidal JR, Callahan KS: Effect of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1α on heme oxygenase-1 expression in human endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 274(43):H883–H891, 1998

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Hidaka H, Ishiko T, Furuhashi T, Kamohara H, Suzuki S, Miyazaki M, Ikeda O, Mita S, Setoguchi T, Ogawa M: Curcumin inhibits interleukin 8 production and enhances interleukin 8 receptor expression on the cell surface: impact on human pancreatic carcinoma cell growth by autocrine regulation. Cancer 95:1206–1214, 2002

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Wang X, Wang Q, Ives KL, Ever BM: Curcumin inhibits neurotensin-mediated interleukin-8 production and migration of HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 12(18):5356–5355, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  95. Renard P, Delaive E, Van Steenbrugge M, Remacle J, Raes M: Is the effect of interleukin-1 on glutathione oxidation in cultured human fibroblasts involved in nuclear factor-κB activation? Antioxid Redox Signal 3:329–340, 2001

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Jobin C, Bradham CA, Russo MP, Juma B, Narula AS, Brenner DA, Sartor RB: Curcumin blocks cytokine-mediated NF-κB activation and proinflammatory gene expression by inhibiting inhibitory factor I-κB kinase activity. J Immunol 163(6):3474–3483, 1999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Chaudhary LR, Avioli LV: Regulation of interleukin-8 gene expression by interleukin-1beta, osteotropic hormones, and protein kinase inhibitors in normal human bone marrow stromal cells. J Biol Chem 271:16591–16596, 1996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Kang BY, Chung SW, Chung W, Im S, Hwang SY, Kim TS: Inhibition of interleukin-12 production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages by curcumin. Eur J Pharmacol 384(2–3):191–195, 1999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Kang BY, Song YJ, Kim KM, Choe YK, Hwang SY, Kim TS: Curcumin inhibits Th1 cytokine profile in CD4+ T cells by suppressing interleukin-12 production in macrophages. Br J Pharmacol 128(2):380–384, 1999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S: Toll-like receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 21:335–376, 2003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Youn HS, Saitoh SI, Miyake K, Hwang DH: Inhibition of homodimerization of Toll-like receptor 4 by curcumin. Biochem Pharmacol 72(1):62–69, 2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Kato S, Yuzawa Y, Tsuboi N, Maruyama S, Morita Y, Matsuguchi T, Matsuo S: Endotoxin-induced chemokine expression in murine peritoneal mesothelial cells: the role of toll-like receptor 4. J Am Soc Nephrol 15:1289–1299, 2004

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Matsuguchi T, Musikacharoen T, Ogawa T, Yoshikai Y: Gene expressions of Toll-like receptor 2, but not Toll-like receptor 4, is induced by LPS and inflammatory cytokines in mouse macrophages. J Immunol 165(10):5767–5772, 2000

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Mendez-Samperio P, Palma J, Vazquez A: Roles of intracellular calcium and NF-κB in the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-induced secretion of interleukin-8 from human monocytes. Cell Immunol 211(2):113–122, 2001

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Nakayama K, Furusu A, Xu Q, Konta T, Kitamura M: Unexpected transcriptional induction of monocytes chemoattractant protein 1 by proteasome inhibition: involvement of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase-activator protein 1 pathway. J Immunol 167(3):1145–1150, 2001

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Xu YX, Pindolia KR, Janakiraman N, Noth CJ, Chapman RA, Gautam SC: Curcumin, a compound with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, downregulates chemokine expression in bone marrow stromal cells. Exp Hematol 25(5):413–422, 1997

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Xu YX, Pindolia KR, Janakiraman N, Chapman RA, Gautam SC: Curcumin inhibits IL1 alpha and TNF-alpha induction of AP-1 and NF-kB DNA-binding activity in bone marrow stromal cells. Hematopathol Mol Hematol 11:49–62, 1998

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Watanabe A, Takeshita A, Kitano S, Hanazawa S: CD14-mediated signal pathway of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide in human gingival fibroblasts. Infect Immun 64(11):4488–4494, 1996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Kobayashi T, Hashimoto S, Horie T: Curcumin inhibition of Dermatophagoides farinea-induced interleukin-5 (IL-5) and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production by lymphocytes from bronchial asthmatics. Biochem Pharmacol 54(7):819–824, 1997

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Gupta B, Ghosh B: Curcuma longa inhibits TNF-alpha induced expression of adhesion molecules on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Int J Immunopharmacol 21(11):745–757, 1999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Huang MT, Lysz T, Ferraro T, Abidi TF, Laskin JD, Conney AH: Inhibitory effects of curcumin on in vitro lipooxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities in mouse epidermis. Cancer Res 51(3):813–819, 1991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Tunstall RG, Sharma RA, Perkins S, Sale S, Singh R, Farmer PB, Steward WP, Gescher AJ: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and oxidative DNA adducts in murine intestinal adenomas: modification by dietary curcumin and implications for clinical trials. Eur J Cancer 42(3):415–421, 2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Chun KS, Keum YS, Han SS, Song YS, Kim SH, Surh YJ: Curcumin inhibits phorbol ester-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in mouse skin through suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity and NF-κB activation. Carcinogenesis 24:1515–1524, 2003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Lee KW, Kim JH, Lee HJ, Surh YJ: Curcumin inhibits phorbol ester-induced up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 by blocking ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NF-kappaB transcriptional activity in MCF10A human breast epithelial cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 7(11–12):1612–1620, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Su CC, Chen GW, Lin JG, Wu LT, Chung JG: Curcumin inhibits cell migration of human colon cancer colo 205 cells through the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B/p65 and down-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expressions. Anticancer Res 26(2A):1281–1288, 2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Park C, Kim GY, Kim GD, Choi BT, Park YM, Choi YH: Induction of G2/M arrest and inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 activity by curcumin in human bladder cancer T24 cells. Oncol Rep 15(5):1225–1231, 2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Atsumi T, Murakami Y, Shibuya K, Tonosaki K, Fujisawa S: Induction of cytotoxicity and apoptosis and inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression, by curcumin and its analog, alpha-diisoeugenol. Anticancer Res 25(6B):4029–4036, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Plummer SM, Hill KA, Festing MF, Steward WP, Gescher AJ, Sharma RA: Clinical development of leukocyte cyclooxygenase 2 activity as a systemic biomarker for cancer chemopreventive agents. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10(12):1295–1299, 2001

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Moon Y, Glasgow WC, Eling TE: Curcumin suppresses interleukin 1β-mediated microtonal prostaglandin E syntheses 1 by altering early growth response gene 1 and other signaling pathways. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 315(2):788–795, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Lee J, Im YH, Jung HH, Kim JH, Park JO, Kim K, Kim WS, Ahn JS, Jung CW, Park YS, Kang WK, Park K: Curcumin inhibits interferon-alpha induced NF-kappaB and COX-2 in human A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 334(2):313–318, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Jiang H, Deng CS, Zhang M, Xia J: Curcumin-attenuated trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid induces chronic colitis by inhibiting expression of cyclooxygenase-2. World J Gastroenterol 12(24):3848–3853, 2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Shishodia S, Potdar P, Gairola CG, Aggarwal BB: Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) down-regulates cigarette smoke-induced NF-kappaB activation through inhibition of IkappaB alpha kinase in human lung epithelial cells: correlation with suppression of COX-2, MMP-9 and cyclin D1. Carcinogenesis 24(7):1269–1279, 2003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Sharma C, Kaur J, Shishodia S, Aggarwal BB, Ralhan R: Curcumin down regulates smokeless tobacco-induced NF-kappaB activation and COX-2 expression in human oral premalignant and cancer cells. Toxicology 228(1):1–15, 2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Cho JW, Park K, Kweon GR, Jang BC, Baek WK, Suh MH, Kim CW, Lee KS, Suh SI: Curcumin inhibits the expression of COX-2 in UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes (HaCaT) by inhibiting activation of AP-1: p38 MAP kinase and JNK as potential upstream targets. Exp Mol Med 37(3):186–912, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Plummer SM, Holloway KA, Manson MM, Munks RJ, Kaptein A, Farrow S, Howells L: Inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase 2 expression in colon cells by the chemopreventive agent curcumin involves inhibition of NF-kappaB activation via the NIK/IKK signalling complex. Oncogene 18(44):6013–6020, 1999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Goel A, Boland CR, Chauhan DP: Specific inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by dietary curcumin in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Cancer Lett 172(2):111–118, 2001

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Hong J, Bose M, Ju J, Ryu JH, Chen X, Sang S, Lee MJ, Yang CS: Modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism by curcumin and related beta-diketone derivatives: Effects on cytosolic phospholipase A(2), cyclooxygenases and 5-lipoxygenase. Carcinogenesis 25(9):1671–1679, 2004

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Chan MM, Ho CT, Huang HI: Effects of three dietary phytochemicals from tea, rosemary and turmeric on inflammation-induced nitrite production. Cancer Lett 96(1):23–29, 1995

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Chan MM, Huang HI, Fenton MR, Fong D: In vivo inhibition of nitric oxide synthase gene expression by curcumin, a cancer preventive natural product with anti-inflammatory properties. Biochem Pharmacol 55(12):1955–1962, 1998

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Brouet I, Ohshima H: Curcumin, an anti-tumour promoter and anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase in activated macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 206(2):533–540, 1995

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Singh S, Aggarwal BB: Activation of transcription factor NF-κB is suppressed by curcumin (diferulolylmethane). J Biol Chem 270(42):24995–25000, 1995

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Shishodia S, Amin HM, Lai, R, Aggarwal BB: Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) inhibits constitutive NF-kB activation, induces G1/S arrest, suppresses proliferation, and induces apoptosis in mantle cell lymphoma. Biochem Pharmacol 70:700–771, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Brennan P, O’Neill LA: Inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB by direct modification in whole cells—mechanism of action of nordihydroguaiaritic acid, curcumin and thiol modifiers. Biochem Pharmacol 55(7):965–973, 1998

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Lee J, Im YH, Jung HH, Kim JH, Park JO, Kim K, Kim WS, Ahn JS, Jung CW, Park YS, Kang WK, Park K: Curcumin inhibits interferon-alpha induced NF-kappaB and COX-2 in human A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 334(2):313–318, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Grandjean-Laquerriere A, Gangloff SC, Le Naour R, Trentesaux C, Hornebeck W, Guenounou M: Relative contribution of NF-kB and Ap-1 in the modulation by curcumin and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate of the UVB-induced cytokine expression by keratinocytes. Cytokine 18(3):68–77, 2002

    Google Scholar 

  136. Han SS, Keum YS, Seo HJ, Surh YJ: Curcumin suppresses activation of NF-κB and AP-1 induced by phorbol ester in cultured human promyelocytic leukemia cells. J Biochem Mol Biol 35(3):337–342, 2002

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Jian YT, Mai GF, Wang JD, Zhang YL, Luo RC, Fang YX: Preventive and therapeutic effects of NF-κB inhibitor curcumin in rats colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. World J Gastroenterol 11(12):1747–1752, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Lim GP, Chu T, Yang F, Beech W, Frautschy SA, Cole GM: The curry spice curcumin reduces oxidative damage and amyloid pathology in an Alzheimer transgenic mouse. J Neurosci 21(21):8370–8377, 2001

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Giri RK, Rajagopal V, Kalra VK: Curcumin, the active constituent of turmeric, inhibits amyloid peptide-induced cytochemokine gene expression and CCR5-mediated chemotaxis of THP-1 monocytes by modulating early growth response-1 transcription factor. J Neurochem 91(5):1199–1210, 2004

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Yang F, Lim GP, Begum AN, Ubeda OJ, Simmons MR, Ambegaokar SS, Chen PP, Kayed R, Glabe CG, Frautschy SA, Cole GM: Curcumin inhibits formation of amyloid beta oligomers and fibrils, binds plaques, and reduces amyloid in vivo. J Biol Chem 280(7):5892–5901, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Zhang L, Fiala M, Cashman J, Sayre J, Espinosa A, Mahanian M, Zaghi J, Badmaev V, Graves MC, Bernard G, Rosenthal M: Curcuminoids enhance amyloid-β uptake by macrophages of Alzheimer’s disease patients. J Alzheimers Dis 10:1–7, 2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Natarajan C, Bright JJ: Curcumin inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by blocking IL-12 signaling through Janus kinase-STAT pathway in T lymphocytes. J Immunol 168(12):6506–6513, 2002

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Nirmala C, Puvanakrishnan R: Protective role of curcumin against isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 159(2):85–93, 1996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Dikshit M, Rastogi L, Shukla R, Srimal RC: Prevention of ischaemia-induced biochemical changes by curcumin & quinidine in the cat heart. Indian J Med Res 101:131–135, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  145. Cheng H, Liu W, Ai X: Protective effect of curcumin on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Zhong Yao Cai 28(10):920–922, 2005

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Yao QH, Wang DQ, Cui CC, Yuan ZY, Chen SB, Yao XW, Wang JK, Lian JF: Curcumin ameliorates left ventricular function in rabbits with pressure overload: inhibition of the remodeling of the left ventricular collagen network associated with suppression of myocardial tumor necrosis factor-alpha and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. Biol Pharm Bull 27(2):198–202, 2004

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Chai H, Yan S, Lin P, Lumsden AB, Yao Q, Chen C: Curcumin blocks HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir-induced vascular dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries. J Am Coll Surg 200(6):8208–8230, 2005

    Google Scholar 

  148. Arun N, Nalini N: Efficacy of turmeric on blood sugar and polyol pathway in diabetic albino rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 57(1):41–52, 2002

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Srivivasan A, Menon VP, Periaswamy V, Rajasekaran KN: Protection of pancreatic beta-cell by the potential antioxidant bis-o-hydroxycinnamoyl methane, analogue of natural curcuminoid in experimental diabetes. J Pharm Pharm Sci 6(3):327–333, 2003

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Babu PS, Srinivasan K: Influence of dietary curcumin and cholesterol on the progression of experimentally induced diabetes in albino rat. Mol Cell Biochem 152(1):13–21, 1995

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Babu PS, Srinivasan K: Hypolipidemic action of curcumin, the active principle of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 166(1–2):169–175, 1997

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Kuroda M, Mimaki Y, Nishiyama T, Mae T, Kishida H, Tsukagawa M, Takahashi K, Kawada T, Nakagawa K, Kitahara M: Hypoglycemic effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa L. rhizomes) on genetically diabetic KK-Ay mice. Biol Pharm Bull 28(5):937–939, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Murugan P, Pari L: Antioxidant effect of tetrahydrocurcumin in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Life Sci 79(18):1720–1728, 2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Ram A, Das M, Ghosh B: Curcumin attenuates allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in sensitized guinea pigs. Biol Pharm Bull 26(7):1021–1024, 2003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Suzuki M, Nakamura T, Iyoki S, Fujiwara A, Watanabe Y, Mohri K, Isobe K, Ono K, Yano S: Elucidation of anti-allergic activities of curcumin-related compounds with a special reference to their anti-oxidative activities. Biol Pharm Bull 28(8):1438–1443, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Salh B, Assi K, Templeman V, Parhar K, Owen D, Gomez-Munoz A, Jacobson K: Curcumin attenuates DNB-induced murine colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 285(1):G235–G243, 2003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Holt PR, Katz S, Kirshoff R: Curcumin therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: a pilot study. Dig Dis Sci 50(11):2191–2193, 2005

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Funk JL, Oyarzo JN, Frye JB, Chen G, Lantz RC, Jolad SD, Solyom AM, Timmermann BN: Turmeric extracts containing curcuminoids prevent experimental rheumatoid arthritis. J Nat Prod 69:351–355, 2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Jackson JK, Higo T, Hunter WL, Burt HM: The antioxidants curcumin and quercetin inhibit inflammatory processes associated with arthritis. Inflamm Res 55:168–175, 2006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Shoskes D: Effect of bioflavonoids quercetin and curcumin on ischemic renal injury: a new class of renoprotective agents. Transplantation 66:147–152, 1998

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Shahed AR, Jones E, Shoskes D: Quercetin and curcumin up-regulate antioxidant gene expression in rat kidney after ureteral obstruction or ischemia/reperfusion injury. Transplant Proc 33:2988, 2001

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Heng MC, Song MK, Harker J, Heng MK: Drug-induced suppression of phosphorylase kinase activity correlates with resolution of psoriasis as assessed by clinical, histological and immunohistochemical parameters. Br J Dermatol 143:937–949, 2000

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Bosman B: Testing of lipooxygenase inhibitors, cyclooxigenase inhibitors, drugs with immunomodulating properties and some reference antipsoriatic drugs in the modified mouse tail test, an animal model of psoriasis. Skin Pharmacol 7, 324–334, 1994

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Tourkina E, Gooz P, Oates JC, Ludwicka-Bradley A, Silver RM, Hoffman S: Curcumin-induced apoptosis in scleroderma lung fibroblasts: role of protein kinase Cε. Respir Cell Mol Biol 31(1):28–35, 2004

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Li CJ, Zhang LJ, Dezube BJ, Crumpacker CS, Pardee AB. Three inhibitors of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat-directed gene expression and virus replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90(5):1839–1842, 1993

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Barthelemy S, Vergnes L, Moynier M, Guyot D, Labidalle S, Bahraoui E: Curcumin and curcumin derivatives inhibit Tat-mediated transactivation of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat. Res Virol 149(1):43–52, 1998

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Sui Z, Salto R, Li J, Craik C, Ortiz de Montellano PR: Inhibition of the HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases by curcumin and curcumin boron complexes. Bioorg Med Chem 1(6):415–422, 1993

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Mazumder A, Raghavan K, Weinstein J, Kohn KW, Pommier Y: Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 integrase by curcumin. Biochem Pharmacol 49(8):1165–1170, 1995

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Vajragupta O, Boonchoong P, Morris GM, Olson AJ: Active site binding modes of curcumin in HIV-1 protease and integrase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 15(14):3364–3368, 2005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Balasubramanyam K, Varier RA, Altaf M, Swaminathan V, Siddappa NB, Ranga U, Kundu TK: Curcumin, a novel p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription. J Biol Chem 279(49):51163–51171, 2004

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We would like to thank Walter Pagel for carefully proofreading the manuscript and providing valuable comments. Dr. Aggarwal is a Ransom Horne, Jr., Professor of Cancer Research. This work was supported by a grant from the Clayton Foundation for Research (to B. B. A.), National Institutes of Health PO1 grant CA91844 on lung chemoprevention (to B. B. A.), National Institutes of Health P50 Head and Neck SPORE grant P50CA97007 (to B. B. A); and a core grant (CA16672).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA

    Ganesh Chandra Jagetia & Bharat B. Aggarwal

  2. Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 143, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA

    Bharat B. Aggarwal

Authors
  1. Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bharat B. Aggarwal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bharat B. Aggarwal.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jagetia, G.C., Aggarwal, B.B. “Spicing Up” of the Immune System by Curcumin. J Clin Immunol 27, 19–35 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-006-9066-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-006-9066-7

KEY WORDS

Search

Navigation