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External Qi of Yan Xin Qigong induces cell death and gene expression alterations promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation, migration and glucose metabolism in small-cell lung cancer cells

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Abstract

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant carcinoma with poor long-term survival. Effective treatment remains highly demanded. In the present study, we demonstrated that External Qi of Yan Xin Qigong (YXQ-EQ) exerted potent cytotoxic effect towards SCLC cell line NCI-H82 via induction of apoptosis. Global gene expression profiling identified 39 genes whose expression was altered by YXQ-EQ in NCI-82 cells. Among them, semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real-time qPCR analyses confirmed that the gene expression levels of apoptotic proteins death-associated protein kinase 2 and cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector b were upregulated, whereas that of oncoproteins DEK and MYCL1, cell migration-promoting proteins CD24 and integrin-alpha 9, and glycolytic enzyme aldolase A were downregulated. These findings suggest that YXQ-EQ may exert anticancer effect through modulating gene expression in a way that facilitates cancer cell apoptosis while represses proliferation, metastasis, and glucose metabolism.

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Abbreviations

SCLC:

Small-cell lung cancer

TCM:

Traditional Chinese medicine

YXQ:

Yan Xin Qigong

YXQ-EQ:

External Qi of Yan Xin Qigong

FITC:

Fluorescein isothiocyanate

PI:

Propidium iodide

ITGA9:

Integrin alpha 9

VCAM1:

Vascular-cell-adhesion molecule 1

GRKs:

G-protein-coupled receptor kinases

MYCL1 (or L-Myc):

Lung myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog 1

DAPK2:

Death-associated protein kinase 2

CIDE-B:

Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector b

CAR:

Cancer-associated retinopathy

RCVRN:

Recoverin

ALDOA:

Aldolase A

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Yan Xin Foundation and Grants P20 RR16478-04, P20 RR020143, P20 RR15577, 01700172 from NIH, and Grant HR04-110F from OCAST.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Institute of Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China

    Xin Yan

  2. New Medical Science Research Institute, New York, NY, 10107, USA

    Xin Yan

  3. University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA

    Feng Li & Wei Cao

  4. Microarray Research Facility, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma, OK, 73104, USA

    Igor Dozmorov, Mark Barton Frank & Michael Centola

  5. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Ming Dao

  6. Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, HIM, Room 730, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Dan Hu

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  1. Xin Yan
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Correspondence to Dan Hu.

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Yan, X., Li, F., Dozmorov, I. et al. External Qi of Yan Xin Qigong induces cell death and gene expression alterations promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation, migration and glucose metabolism in small-cell lung cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 363, 245–255 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-011-1176-8

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