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Heat transfer enhancement by application of nano-powder

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Abstract

In this investigation, laminar flow heat transfer enhancement in circular tube utilizing different nanofluids including Al2O3 (20 nm), CuO (50 nm), and Cu (25 nm) nanoparticles in water was studied. Constant wall temperature was used as thermal boundary condition. The results indicate enhancement of heat transfer with increasing nanoparticle concentrations, but an optimum concentration for each nanofluid suspension can be found. Based on the experimental results, metallic nanoparticles show better enhancement of heat transfer coefficient in comparison with oxide particles. The promotions of heat transfer due to utilizing nanoparticles are higher than the theoretical correlation prediction.

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Abbreviations

A :

Tube cross-sectional area (m2)

Cp nf :

Nanofluid specific heat (kJ kg−1 K−1)

Cp s :

Specific heat of nanoparticle (kJ kg−1 K−1)

Cp W :

Specific heat of water (kJ kg−1 K−1)

D :

Tube diameter (m)

\( \overline{{h_{\text{nf}} }} (\exp ) \) :

Nanofluid experimental average heat transfer coefficient (Wm−2 K−1)

k nf :

Nanofluid thermal conductivity (Wm−1 K−1)

k s :

Thermal conductivity of nanoparticle (Wm−1 K−1)

k W :

Thermal conductivity of water (Wm−1 K−1)

L :

Tube length (m)

m s :

Nanoparticle mass in nanofluid suspension (kg)

\( \overline{{Nu_{\text{nf}} }} (\exp ) \) :

Nanofluid experimental average Nusselt number

\( \overline{{Nu_{\text{nf}} }} (th) \) :

Nanofluid Nusselt number calculated form Seider–Tate equation

Pe nf :

Nanofluid Peclet number

Pr nf :

Nanofluid Prandtl number

Re nf :

Nanofluid Reynolds number

Tb 1 :

Inlet bulk temperature (K)

Tb 2 :

Exit bulk temperature (K)

\( \overline{Tb} \) :

Average bulk temperature (K)

Tw :

Tube wall temperature (K)

\( \overline{U} \) :

Average fluid velocity (m s−1)

V s :

Nanoparticle volume in nanofluid suspension (m3)

V t :

Total volume of nanofluid (m3)

μ nf :

Nanofluid viscosity (Pa)

μ W :

Water viscosity (Pa)

μ Wnf :

Nanofluid viscosity at tube wall temperature (Pa)

ν :

Nanoparticle volume fraction

ρ nf :

Nanofluid density (kg m−3)

ρ s :

Nanoparticle density (kg m−3)

ρ W :

Water density (kg m−3)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    M. T. Hamed Mosavian & S. Zeinali Heris

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

    S. Gh. Etemad & M. Nasr Esfahany

Authors
  1. M. T. Hamed Mosavian
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  2. S. Zeinali Heris
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  3. S. Gh. Etemad
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  4. M. Nasr Esfahany
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Correspondence to M. T. Hamed Mosavian.

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Mosavian, M.T.H., Heris, S.Z., Etemad, S.G. et al. Heat transfer enhancement by application of nano-powder. J Nanopart Res 12, 2611–2619 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9840-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9840-6

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