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Dopamine and Aging: Intersecting Facets

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Abstract

Aging encompasses life itself so understanding requires frameworks that forge unity amidst complexity. The free radical theory of aging is one example. The original focus on damage was augmented recently by appreciation that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are essential to normal signaling and cell function. This paradigm is currently undergoing an explosive expansion fueled by the discovery that regulatory organization is a merry-go-round of redox cycling seamlessly fused to endogenous clocks. This might best be described as an “Electroplasmic Cycle.” This is certainly applicable to dopaminergic neurons with their exceptional metabolic, electrical and rhythmic properties. Here I review normal aging of dopamine systems to highlight them as a valuable model. I then examine the possible integration of free radical and ion channel theories of aging. Finally, I incorporate clocks and explore the multifaceted implications of electroplasmic cycles with special emphasis on dopamine.

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Abbreviations

ATr1 :

Angiotensin receptor 1

CBP:

CREB binding protein

Cry:

Cryptochrome

DA:

Dopamine

DAT:

Dopamine transport and reuptake protein

DAr1 :

Dopamine receptor 1

DAr2 :

Dopamine receptor 2

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

GH:

Growth hormone

GHRH:

Growth hormone releasing hormone

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

GSH-S-TR:

Glutathione S-transferase

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

HO-1:

Heme oxygenase 1

HPA:

Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis

HVA:

Homovanillic acid

IGF-1:

Insulin-like growth factor 1

L-DOPA:

l-Dihydroxyphenylalanine

LTP:

Long-term potentiation

MAO:

Monoamine oxidase

NE:

Norepinephrine

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

NOX:

NAD(P)H oxidases

NPAS2:

Neuronal PAS domain protein 2

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

Per:

Period

PKA:

Protein kinase A

RONS:

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

SAM:

S-adenosylhomocysteine

SN:

Substantia nigra

SOR:

Superoxide

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SCN:

Suprachiasmatic nuclei

SUR:

Sulfonylurea receptors

TN:

Tyrosine hydroxylase

VMAT2:

Vesicular monoamine transporter 2

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  1. LSB-226, Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1

    C. David Rollo

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Special issue article in honor of Dr. Akitne Mori.

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Rollo, C.D. Dopamine and Aging: Intersecting Facets. Neurochem Res 34, 601–629 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-008-9858-7

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