Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent a promising subpopulation of adult stem cells for tissue engineering applications in veterinary medicine. In this study we focused on the morphological and molecular biological properties of the ADSCs. The expression of stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog and the surface markers CD90 and CD105 were detected using RT-PCR. ADSCs showed a proliferative potential and were capable of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Expression of Alkaline phosphatase (AP), phosphoprotein (SPP1), Runx2 and osteocalcin (OC) mRNA were positive in osteogenic lineages and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (Pparγ2) mRNA was positive in adipogenic lineages. ADSCs show stem cell and surface marker profiles and differentiation characteristics that are similar to but distinct from other adult stem cells, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). The availability of an easily accessible and reproducible cell source may greatly facilitate the development of stem cell based tissue engineering and therapies for regenerative equine medicine.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arnhold SJ, Goletz I, Klein H, Stumpf G, Beluche LA, Rohde C, Addicks K, Litzke LF (2007) Isolation and characterization of bone marrow-derived equine mesenchymal stem cells. Am J Vet Res 68:1095–1105
Arrigoni E, Lopa S, de Girolamo L, Stanco D, Brini AT (2009) Isolation, characterization and osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells: from small to large animal models. Cell Tissue Res 338:401–411
Carrade DD, Owens SD, Galuppo LD, Vidal MA, Ferraro GL, Librach F, Buerchler S, Friedman MS, Walker NJ, Borjesson DL (2011) Clinicopathologic findings following intra-articular injection of autologous and allogeneic placentally derived equine mesenchymal stem cells in horses. Cytotherapy 13:419–430
Colleoni S, Bottani E, Tessaro I, Mari G, Merlo B, Romagnoli N, Spadari A, Galli C, Lazzari G (2009) Isolation, growth and differentiation of equine mesenchymal stem cells: effect of donor, source, amount of tissue and supplementation with basic fibroblast growth factor. Vet Res Commun 33:811–821
Cremonesi F, Violini S, Lange Consiglio A, Ramelli P, Ranzenigo G, Mariani P (2008) Isolation, in vitro culture and characterization of foal umbilical cord stem cells at birth. Vet Res Commun 1:139–142
da Silva ML, Chagastelles PC, Nardi NB (2006) Mesenchymal stem cells reside in virtually all post-natal organs and tissues. J Cell Sci 119:2204–2213
de Mattos CA, Alves ALG, Golim MA, Moroz A, Hussni CA, de Oliveira PGG, Deffune E (2009) Isolation and immunophenotypic characterization of mesenchymal stem cells derived from equine species adipose tissue. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 132:303–306
de Mattos CA, Alves ALG, Oliveira PGG, Álvarez LEC, Amorim RL, Hussni CA, Deffune E (2011) Use of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Experimental Tendinitis Therapy in Equines. J Equine Vet Sci 31:26–34
de Schauwer C, Meyer E, van de Walle GR, van Soom A (2011) Markers of stemness in equine mesenchymal stem cells: a plea for uniformity. Theriogenology 75:1431–1443
Del Bue M, Riccò S, Ramoni R, Conti V, Gnudi G, Grolli S (2008) Equine adipose-tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet concentrates: their association in vitro and in vivo. Vet Res Commun 32:51–55
Dragoo JL, Lieberman JR, Lee RS, Deugarte DA, Lee Y, Zuk PA, Hedrick MH, Benhaim P (2005) Tissue-engineered bone from BMP-2-transduced stem cells derived from human fat. Plast Reconstr Surg 115:1665–1673
Hattori H, Sato M, Masuoka K, Ishihara M, Kikuchi T, Matsui T, Takase B, Ishizuka T, Kikuchi M, Fujikawa K, Ishihara M (2004) Osteogenic potential of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells as an alternative stem cell source. Cells Tissues Organs 178:2–12
Hoynowski SM, Fry MM, Gardner BM, Leming MT, Tucker JR, Black L, Sand T, Mitchell KE (2007) Characterization and differentiation of equine umbilical cord-derived matrix cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 362:347–353
Kisiday JD, Kopesky PW, Evans CH, Grodzinsky AJ, McIlwraith CW, Frisbie DD (2008) Evaluation of adult equine bone marrow- and adipose-derived progenitor cell chondrogenesis in hydrogel cultures. J Orthop Res 26:322–331
Latchman DS (1997) Transcription factors: an overview. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 29:1305–1312
Lee RH, Kim B, Choi I, Kim H, Choi HS, Suh K, Bae YC, Jung JS (2004) Characterization and expression analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow and adipose tissue. Cell Physiol Biochem 14:311–324
Lin Y, Liu L, Li Z, Qiao J, Wu L, Tang W, Zheng X, Chen X, Yan Z, Tian W (2006) Pluripotency potential of human adipose-derived stem cells marked with exogenous green fluorescent protein. Mol Cell Biochem 291:1–10
Mambelli LI, Santos EJ, Frazão PJ, Chaparro MB, Kerkis A, Zoppa AL, Kerkis I (2009) Characterization of equine adipose tissue-derived progenitor cells before and after cryopreservation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 15:87–94
Martinello T, Bronzini I, Maccatrozzo L, Mollo A, Sampaolesi M, Mascarello F, Decaminada M, Patruno M (2010a) Canine adipose-derived-mesenchymal stem cells do not lose stem features after a long-term cryopreservation. Res Vet Sci [Epub ahead of print]
Martinello T, Bronzini I, Maccatrozzo L, Iacopetti I, Sampaolesi M, Mascarello F, Patruno M (2010b) Cryopreservation does not affect the stem characteristics of multipotent cells isolated from equine peripheral blood. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 16:771–781
Mimeault M, Batra SK (2008) Recent progress on tissue-resident adult stem cell biology and their therapeutic implications. Stem Cell Rev 4:27–49
Neupane M, Chang C, Kiupel M, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V (2008) Isolation and characterization of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 14:1007–1015
Nixon AJ, Dahlgren LA, Haupt JL, Yeager AE, Ward DL (2008) Effect of adipose-derived nucleated cell fractions on tendon repair in horses with collagenase-induced tendinitis. Am J Vet Res 69:928–37
Raabe O, Reich C, Wenisch S, Hild A, Burg-Roderfeld M, Siebert H, Arnhold S (2010) Hydrolyzed fish collagen induced chondrogenic differentiation of equine adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Histochem Cell Biol 134:545–554
Rebelatto CK, Aguiar AM, Moretão MP, Senegaglia AC, Hansen P, Barchiki F, Oliveira J, Martins J, Kuligovski C, Mansur F, Christofis A, Amaral VF, Brofman PS, Goldenberg S, Nakao LS, Correa A (2008) Dissimilar differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and adipose tissue. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 233:901–913
Reed SA, Johnson SE (2008) Equine umbilical cord blood contains a population of stem cells that express Oct4 and differentiate into mesodermal and endodermal cell types. J Cell Physiol 215:329–336
Ribitsch I, Burk J, Delling U, Geißler C, Gittel C, Jülke H, Brehm W (2010) Basic science and clinical application of stem cells in veterinary medicine. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 123:219–263
Richardson LE, Dudhia J, Clegg PD, Smith R (2007) Stem cells in veterinary medicine–attempts at regenerating equine tendon after injury. Trends Biotechnol 25:409–416
Tontonoz P, Hu E, Graves RA, Budavari AI, Spiegelman BM (1994) mPPAR gamma 2: tissue-specific regulator of an adipocyte enhancer. Genes Dev 8:1224–1234
Torres FC, Rodrigues CJ, Stocchero IN, Ferreira MC (2007) Stem cells from the fat tissue of rabbits: an easy-to-find experimental source. Aesthetic Plast Surg 31:574–578
Vidal MA, Kilroy GE, Lopez MJ, Johnson JR, Moore RM, Gimble JM (2007) Characterization of equine adipose tissue-derived stromal cells: adipogenic and osteogenic capacity and comparison with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Vet Surg 36:613–622
Vieira NM, Brandalise V, Zucconi E, Secco M, Strauss BE, Zatz M (2010) Isolation, characterization, and differentiation potential of canine adipose-derived stem cells. Cell Transplant 19:279–289
Violini S, Ramelli P, Pisani LF, Gorni C, Mariani P (2009) Horse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells express embryo stem cell markers and show the ability for tenogenic differentiation by in vitro exposure to BMP-12. BMC Cell Biol 10:29
Zuk PA, Zhu M, Mizuno H, Huang J, Futrell JW, Katz AJ, Benhaim P, Lorenz HP, Hedrick MH (2001) Multilineage cells from human adipose tissue: implications for cell-based therapies. Tissue Eng 7:211–228
Acknowledgments
We thank Carina Crispens, Annika Damm, Sinja Guth and Sigrid Kettner for excellent technical assistance.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Raabe, O., Shell, K., Würtz, A. et al. Further insights into the characterization of equine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Vet Res Commun 35, 355–365 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-011-9480-z
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-011-9480-z