Skip to main content
Log in

Leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase gene (PpLDOX): a potential functional marker for cold storage browning in peach

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Tree Genetics & Genomes Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Enzymatic browning of the peach fruit mesocarp is a major component of the postharvest physiological disorder commonly called chilling injury or internal breakdown (IB). Previously, we detected a major quantitative trait locus (QTL; qP-Brn5.1m) affecting browning in peach using two related progeny populations (Pop-DG and Pop-G). In this report, a gene encoding the leucoanthocanidin dioxygenase (PpLDOX) enzyme was identified as the gene potentially responsible for this QTL. PpLDOX has a high similarity with the LDOX gene of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway of Arabidopsis thaliana. It was co-located with qP-Brn5.1m via the bin mapping technique with the Prunus reference T×E map. A silent SNP within the PpLDOX coding sequence was used to locate the gene more precisely on the Pop-DG map and confirm its bin assignment. These results demonstrate both the utility of comparative mapping within Prunus using the T×E reference map and the power of the bin mapping approach for easily mapping genes in the Prunus genome. An SSR polymorphism was observed in the intron of PpLDOX gene sequence. The SSR co-segregated with the SNP and was used to assess association of PpLDOX with browning in 27 peach and nectarine cultivars. Cumulative evidence obtained indicates that PpLDOX partially explains genetic variation for cold storage browning susceptibility in peach and nectarine. This functional gene has potential use in marker-assisted breeding of new cultivars with lower IB susceptibility and for genotyping current cultivars for possible differential handling during storage to reduce symptom incidence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arai Y, Watanabe S, Kimira M, Shimoi K, Mochizuki R, Kinae N (2000) Dietry intake of flavonols, flavones and isoflavones by Japanese women and the inverse correlation between quercetin intake and plasma LDL cholesterol. J Nutr 130:2378–2383

    Google Scholar 

  • Chagne D, Carlisle CM, Blond C, Volz RK, Whitworth CJ, Oraguzie NC, Crowhurst RN, Allan AC, Espley RV, Hellens RP, Gardiner SE (2007) Mapping a candidate gene (MdMYB10) for red flesh and foliage colour in apple. BMC Genomics 8:212

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang S, Tan C, Frankel EN, Barrett DM (2000) Low-density lipoprotein antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds and polyphenol oxidase activity in selected clingstone peach cultivars. J Agric Food Chem 48:147–151

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crisosto CH, Mitchell FG, Ju Z (1999) Susceptibility to chilling injury of peach, nectarine, and plum cultivars grown in California. HortScience 34:1116–1118

    Google Scholar 

  • Dirlewanger E, Graziano E, Joobeur T, Garriga-Caldere F, Cosson P, Howard W, Arus P (2004) Comparative mapping and marker assisted selection in Rosaceae fruit crops. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:9891–9896

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankel EN, Bosanek CA, Meyer AS, Silliman K, Kirk LL (1998) Commercial grape juices inhibit the in vitro oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein. J Agric Food Chem 46:834–836

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gradziel TM, Wang D (1993) Evaluation of brown rot resistance and its relation to enzymatic browning in clingstone peach germplasm. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 118:675–679

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansson B, Kawabe A (2005) A simple method to score single nucleotide polymorphisms based on allele-specific PCR and primer-induced fragment-length variation. Mol Ecol Notes 5:692–696

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harborne J, Williams C (2000) Advances in flavonoid research since 1992. Phytochemistry 55:481–504

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hertog MGL, Hollman PCH, van de Putte B (1993) Content of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids in tea infusions, wine and fruit juice. Sci Food Agric 41:1242–1246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howad W, Yamamoto T, Dirlewanger E, Testolin R, Cosson P, Cipriani G, Monforte AJ, Georgi L, Abbott AG (2005) Mapping with a few plants: using selective mapping for microsatellite saturation of the Prunus reference map. Genetics 171:1305–1309

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iyidogan NF, Bayindirli A (2003) Effect of l-cysteine, kojic acid and 4-hexylresorcinol combination on inhibition of enzymatic browning in Amasya apple juice. J Food Eng 62:299–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jang M, Cai L, Udeani GO, Slowing KV, Thomas CF, Beecher CWW, Fong HHS, Fransworth NR, Kinghorn AD, Mehta RG, Moon RC, Pezzuto JM (1997) Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes. Science 275:218–220

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong SC, Saghai Maroof MA (2004) Detection and genotyping of SNPs tightly linked to two disease resistance loci, Rsv1 and Rsv3, of soybean. Plant Breeding 123:305–310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kader AA Chordas A (1984) Evaluating the browning potential of peaches. Calif. Agr. 38:14–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwok S, Kellogg DE, McKinney N, Spasic D, Goda L, Levenson C, Sninsky JJ (1990) Effects of primer-template mismatches on the polymerase chain reaction: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 model studies. Nucleic Acids Res 18:999–1005

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee M-H, Bostock RM (2006) Fruit exocarp phenols in relation to quiescence and development of Monilinia fructicola infections in Prunus: a role for cellular redox? Phytopathology 97:269–277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lurie S, Crisosto CH (2005) Chilling injury in peach and nectarine. Postharvest Biol Technol 37:195–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy KM, Berg DG (2003) Mutation and single nucleotide polymorphism detection using temperature gradient capillary electrophoresis. Expert Rev Mol Diagno 3:811–818

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogundiwin EA, Peace CP, Gradziel TM, Dandekar AM, Bliss FA, Crisosto CH (2007) Molecular genetic dissection of chilling injury in peach fruit. Acta Hort 738:633–638

    Google Scholar 

  • Peace CP, Ahmad R, Gradziel TM, Dandekar AM, Crisosto CH (2005a) The use of molecular genetics to improve peach and nectarine post-storage quality. Acta Hort 682:403–409

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peace CP, Crisosto CH, Gradziel TM (2005b) Endopolygalacturonase: a candidate gene for Freestone and Melting flesh in peach. Mol Breeding 16:21–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peace CP, Crisosto CH, Garner DT, Dandekar AM, Gradziel TM Bliss FA (2006) Genetic control of internal breakdown in peach. Acta Hort 713:489–496

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rozen S, Skaletsky HJ (2000) Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers. In: Krawetz S, Misener S (eds) Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols: Methods in Molecular Biology. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 365–386

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo JC, Witzum JL (1989) Beyond cholesterol. Modification of low-density lipoproteins that increase its atherogenicity. N Engl J Med 320:915–924

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomas-Berberan FA, Espin JC (2001) Phenolic compounds and related enzymes as determinants of quality in fruits and vegetables. J Sci Food Agric 81:853–876

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuda T, Yamaguchi M, Honda C, Moriguchi T (2004) Expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in the skin of peach and nectarine fruit. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 129:857–862

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Ooijen JW (2005) MapQTLÒ 5, Software for the mapping of quantitative trait loci in experimental populations. Kyazma B.V., Wageningen, Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Ooijen JW (2006) JoinMapÒ 4, Software for the calculation of genetic linkage maps in experimental populations. Kyazma B.V., Wageningen, Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The assistance of David Garner for fruit quality measurements, Kevin Day for cultivar leaf sample collection, Josh Williamson, Jose Soto, Wai Gee and Helen Chan for laboratory assistance, and Drs. Howad and Arus for supplying the TxE bin-set DNA samples is gratefully acknowledged. This research was funded by UC Discovery Grants (bio03–10394 & bio05–10527) with the Industry-University Cooperative Research Program.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. A. Ogundiwin.

Additional information

Communicated by P. Arus

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ogundiwin, E.A., Peace, C.P., Nicolet, C.M. et al. Leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase gene (PpLDOX): a potential functional marker for cold storage browning in peach. Tree Genetics & Genomes 4, 543–554 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-007-0130-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-007-0130-0

Keywords

Navigation