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HIV1 and the gut in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

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Abstract

The gut and its gut-associated lymphoid tissue serve as a preferential site for HIV1 entry, active viral replication, reservoir, and HIV-mediated CD4 cell apoptosis. The widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in a significant decrease in the incidence of opportunistic enteric pathogens as a consequence of immune recovery. Nonetheless, patients with advanced HIV1 disease who were recently diagnosed or have poor response to HAART can still suffer from opportunistic infections with pathogens such as Cryptosporidium, microsporidia, Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Mycobacterium avium complex, and cytomegalovirus, among others. This review describes the impact of HIV1 infection on gut immune function, the salient features of the most common opportunistic enteric pathogens and HIV-associated enteropathy, and the effects of immune reconstitution after introduction of HAART.

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  1. Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas, Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Room 1.728 JFB, 77030, Houston, TX, USA

    Esteban C. Nannini MD & Pablo C. Okhuysen MD

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  1. Esteban C. Nannini MD
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  2. Pablo C. Okhuysen MD
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Nannini, E.C., Okhuysen, P.C. HIV1 and the gut in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 4, 392–398 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-002-0009-z

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