Opinion statement
Treatment of small intestinal ulcers depends on the cause of the ulcers. Ulcerations of the small intestine (apart from duodenal ulcers) are uncommon. Two diverse syndromes of idiopathic small bowel ulcerations include the isolated nonspecific ulcer and idiopathic chronic ulcerative enteritis (ICUE). Treatment of isolated nonspecific ulcers include discontinuation of medications known to cause nonspecific ulcerations, balloon dilation of strictures, and segmental resection of involved segments. Treatment of ICUE includes a diet trial of gluten restriction and consideration of early surgery because of the potential for associated malignancies. Steroid therapy has not been shown to be effective in the treatment of ICUE.
Similar content being viewed by others
References and Recommended Reading
Rosen CM, Raskin JB: Small intestinal ulcers. In Clinical practice of Gastroenterology, vol 1. Edited by Brandt LJ. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 1999:502–506. A recent comprehensive review of etiology, manifestations, and therapy.
Boystun JS Jr, Gaffey TA, Bartholomew LG: Clinicopathologic study of nonspecific ulcers of the small intestine. Dig Dis Sci 1981, 26:911–916. This report comprises the results of a Mayo Clinic investigation conducted from 1956 to 1979 that included 59 cases (31 men and 28 women) with nonspecific small bowel ulceration. Distribution of ulceration, diagnosis, treatment, and mortality are discussed.
Breysen Y, Janssons JF, Coromans G, et al.: Endoscopic balloon dilatation of colonic and ileocolonic Crohn’s strictures: long-term results. Gastrointest Endosc 1992, 38:142–147.
Kozarek RA: Hydrostatic balloon dilatation of gastrointestinal stenosis: a national survey. Gastrointest Endosc 1986, 32:15–19.
Rai R, Bayless TM: Isolated and diffuse ulcers of the small intestine. In Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management, edn 6. Edited by Feldman M, Sleisenger MH, Scharschmidt BF. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1998:1771–1778.
Lamont CM, Adams FG, Mills PR: Radiology In idiopathic chronic ulcerative enteritis. Clin Radiol 1982, 33:283–287. A good article of the various radiologic features of this rare entity.
Neitlich JD, Burrell MI: Drug-induced disorders of the small bowel. Abdom Imaging 1999, 24:17–22.
Bjarnson I, Hayllar J, Macpherson AJ, et al.: Side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the small and large intestine in humans. Gastroenterology 1993, 104:1832–1847. This article is a comprehensive review of the adverse effects of NSAIDs on the small and large intestine. The authors thoroughly discuss the pathogenesis of NSAID-induced injury, with proper focus on the clinical implications.
Lang J, Price AV, Levi AJ, et al.: Diaphragm disease: pathology of disease of the small intestine induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Clin Pathol 1988, 41:516–526.
Bjarnason I, Fehilly B, Smethhurst P, et al.: Importance of local versus systemic effects of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs in increasing small intestinal permeability in man. Gut 1991, 32:275–277.
Aabakken L: Small-bowel side-effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999, 11:383–387. Detailed review of small bowel manifestations of NSAIDs.
Schneider ARJ, Benz C, Reimann JF: Adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the small and large bowel. Endoscopy 1999, 31:761–767. A comprehensive review of gut side effects of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, with an exhaustive reference list.
Davies NM, Saleh JY: Detection and prevention of NSAID-induced enteropathy. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 2000, 3:137–155. This is a detailed review of the prevalence, clinical spectrum, pathogenesis, and treatment of NSAID-induced enteropathy.
Levi S, de Lacey G, Price AB, et al.: "Diaphragm-like" strictures of the small bowel in patients treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Br J Radiol 1990, 63:186–189.
Matsuhashi N, Yamada A, Hiraishi M, et al.: Multiple strictures of the small intestine after long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 1992, 87:1183–1186.
Hershfield NB: Endoscopic demonstration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small intestinal strictures. Gastrointest Endosc 1992, 38:388–390.
Ruan EA, Komorowski RA, Hogan WJ, et al.: Nongranulomatous chronic idiopathic enterocolitis: clinicopathological profile and response to corticosteroids. Gastroenterology 1996, 111:629–637. The only article reporting good response to steroids for this disease.
Bjarnason I, Zanelli G, Smith T, et al.: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced intestinal inflammation in humans. Gastroenterology 1987, 93:480–489.
Bjarnason I, Hopkinson N, Zanelli G, et al.: Treatment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced enteropathy. Gut 1990, 31:777–780.
Banerjee AK, Peters TJ: Experimental nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy in the rat: similarities to inflammatory bowel disease and effect of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors. Gut 1990, 31:1358–1364.
Waisman Y, Zahavi I, Marcus H, et al.: Sucralfate is protective against indomethacin-induced intestinal ulceration in the rat. Digestion 1987, 38:156–159.
Harel L, Zahavi I, Marcus H, et al.: Pentagastrin protects the proximal small intestine indomethacin-induced ulcers in the rat. Digestion 1987, 38:156–159.
Kiro A, Zahavi I, Marcus H, et al.: L-dopa is protective against indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulceration in the rat: possible role of an a2-adnergic mechanism. Life Sci 1992, 51:1151–1156.
Graham DY, Agarwal N, Roth SH: Prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcer with the synthetic prostaglandin, misoprostol—a multicenter, doubleblinded placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 1988, 2:1277–1280.
Graham DY, White RH, Moreland LW, et al.: Duodenal and gastric ulcer prevention with misoprostol in arthritis patients taking NSAIDs: Misoprostol Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1993, 119:257–262.
Jaszewski R, Graham DY, Stromatt SC: Treatment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastric ulcers with misoprostol: a double-blind multicenter study. Dig Dis Sci 1992, 37:1820–1824.
Silverstein FE, Faich G, Goldstein JL, et al.: Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis—the CLASS Study. JAMA 2000, 284:1247–1255.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Karnam, U.S., Rosen, C.M. & Raskin, J.B. Small bowel ulcers. Curr Treat Options Gastro 4, 15–21 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11938-001-0043-1
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11938-001-0043-1