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The IκB kinase complex: master regulator of NF-κB signaling

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Abstract

The Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) family of transcription factors regulates the expression of a wide range of genes critical for immune and inflammatory responses, cell survival, immune development, and cell proliferation. Dysregulated NF-κB activity occurs in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases and certain types of cancers making NF-κB signaling an attractive target for the development of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drugs. A pivotal regulator of all inducible NF-κB signaling pathways is the IκB kinase (IKK) complex that consists of two kinases (IKKα and IKKβ) and a regulatory subunit named NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO). Genetic analysis of the IKK complex has identified two separate pathways named the classical and non-canonical mechanisms that are dependent on either NEMO and IKKβ (classical) or IKKα alone (non-canonical). To better understand the mechanisms that regulate IKK complex activity and to address the differential functions of IKKα and IKKβ we have molecularly dissected the IKKs. We describe here how these studies have identified a unique inhibitor of pro-inflammatory NF-κB signaling, an unforeseen role for IKKα in the classical NF-κB pathway, and a novel functional domain in IKKβ that is not present in IKKα.

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Abbreviations

CPP:

Cell penetrating peptide

IKK:

IκB kinase

IκB:

Inhibitor of NF-κB

NBD:

NEMO binding domain

NEMO:

NF-κB essential modulator

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-kappa B

NIK:

NF-κB-inducing kinase

ULD:

Ubiquitin like domain

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Acknowledgments

Work in the May laboratory is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH/NHLBI: 1RO1HL080612) and the WW Smith Charitable Trust (H0703). Laura Solt is a graduate student in the Immunology Graduate Group and is supported by NIH/NIAID 5T32AI055428.

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  1. Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street (OVH 200E), Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6045, USA

    Laura A. Solt & Michael J. May

  2. Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6045, USA

    Michael J. May

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  1. Laura A. Solt
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Correspondence to Michael J. May.

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Solt, L.A., May, M.J. The IκB kinase complex: master regulator of NF-κB signaling. Immunol Res 42, 3–18 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-008-8025-1

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