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Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Young People with Type 1 Diabetes

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An Erratum to this article was published on 10 May 2012

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most frequent cause of death in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), despite modern advances in glycemic control and CVD risk factor modification. CVD risk identification is essential in this high-risk population, yet remains poorly understood. This review discusses the risk factors for CVD in young people with T1D, including hyperglycemia, traditional CVD risk factors (dyslipidemia, smoking, physical activity, hypertension), as well as novel risk factors such as insulin resistance, inflammation, and hypoglycemia. We present evidence that adverse changes in cardiovascular function, arterial compliance, and atherosclerosis are present even during adolescence in people with T1D, highlighting the need for earlier intervention. The methods for investigating cardiovascular risk are discussed and reviewed. Finally, we discuss the observational studies and clinical trials which have thus far attempted to elucidate the best targets for early intervention in order to reduce the burden of CVD in people with T1D.

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Acknowledgments

Dr. Janet Snell-Bergeon is supported by an American Diabetes Association Junior Faculty Award (1-10-JF-50), and Dr. Kristen Nadeau is supported by ADA 7-11-CD-08, JDRF 11-2010-343, and NIH/NIDDK 1R56DK088971-01. Support for this study was provided by the National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute grants R01 HL61753 and R01 HL079611, and Diabetes Endocrinology Research Center Clinical Investigation Core P30 DK57516. Support was also provided by the Adult and Pediatric Clinical Translational Research Centers at the University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Center supported by the NIH M01 RR000051, and the Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes in Aurora, CO.

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  1. Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, 1775 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Janet K. Snell-Bergeon

  2. Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA

    Janet K. Snell-Bergeon

  3. Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA

    Kristen Nadeau

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  1. Janet K. Snell-Bergeon
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Correspondence to Janet K. Snell-Bergeon.

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Snell-Bergeon, J.K., Nadeau, K. Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Young People with Type 1 Diabetes. J. of Cardiovasc. Trans. Res. 5, 446–462 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-012-9363-x

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