Skip to main content

Transformation of Syrian Hamster Embryo Cells by Diverse Chemicals and Correlation with Their Reported Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Activities

  • Chapter
Chemical Mutagens
  • 391 Accesses

  • 80 Citations

Abstract

It is estimated that approximately 63,000 chemicals are in common use and that significant quantities of several hundred new chemicals are added to the environment every year.p(1) A number of chemicals have been shown to be carcinogenic for humans. It is essential, therefore, that those presenting a risk be readily identified so they can be either removed from the environment or at least regulated to minimize further exposure. Traditionally, chemicals are evaluated for their carcinogenic potential in conventional animal test systems that are costly and time-consuming. Because of such limitations, only a few hundred chemicals can be tested yearly.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • T. H. Maugh II, Chemicals: How many are there?, Science 199, 162 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. R. Stoltz, L. A. Poirier, C. C. Irving, H. F. Stich, J. H. Weisburger, and H. C. Grice, Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogenicity, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 29, 157–188 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B. N. Ames, W. E. Durston, E. Yamasaki, and F. D. Lee, Carcinogens are mutagens: A simple test system combining liver homogenates for activation and bacteria for detection, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. U.S.A. 70, 2281–2285 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J. McCann, E. Choi, E. Yamasaki, and B. Ames, Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome test: Assay of 300 chemicals, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. U.S.A. 72, 5135–5139 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T. Sugimura, S. Sato, M. Nagao, T. Yahagi, T. Matshushima, Y. Seino, M. Takeuchi, and T. Kawachi, Overlapping of carcinogens and mutagens, in: Fundamentals in Cancer Prevention (P. N. Magee et ai, eds.), pp. 191–215, University Park Press, Baltimore, Maryland (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • J. McCann and B. N. Ames, The Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test: Predictive value for animal carcinogenicity, in: Origins of Human Cancer (H. H. Hiatt, J. D. Watson, and J. A. Winsten, eds.), Book C, Human Risk Assessment, Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation, Vol. 4, pp. 1513–1520, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • W. R. Earle and A. Nettleship, Production of malignancy in vitro. V. Results of injections of cultures into mice,/. Natl. Cancer Inst. 4, 213–277 (1943).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Berwald and L. Sachs, In vitro transformation with chemical carcinogens, Nature (London) 200, 1182–1184 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Berwald and L. Sachs, In vitro transformation of normal cells to tumor cells by carcinogenic hydrocarbons,/. Natl. Cancer Inst. 35, 641–657 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J. A. DiPaolo, Quantitative aspects of in vitro chemical carcinogenesis, in: Chemical Carcinogenesis (P. O. P. Ts’o and J. A. DiPaolo, eds.), Part B, pp. 443–455, Marcel Dekker, New York (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • J. A. DiPaolo and B. C. Casto, Chemical carcinogenesis, in: Recent Advances in Cancer Research, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, and Tumor Virology (R. C. Gallo, ed.), pp. 17–47, CRC Press, Cleveland (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Heidelberger, Chemical oncogenesis in culture, Adv. Cancer Res. 18, 317–366 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C. Heidelberger, Chemical carcinogenesis, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 44, 79–121 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C. Heidelberger, Studies on the cellular mechanisms of chemical oncogenesis in culture, in: Fundamental Aspects of Neoplasia (A. A. Gottleib, O.J. Plescia, and D. H. L. Bishop, eds.), pp. 357–363, Springer-Verlag, New York (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Heidelberger and P. F. Boshell, Chemical oncogenesis in cultures, Gann Monogr. Cancer Res. 17, 39–58 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • N. K. Mishra and G. DiMayorca, In vitro malignant transformation of cells by chemical carcinogens, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 355, 205–219 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P. A. Jones, W. E. Laug, A. Gardner, C. A. Nye, L. M. Fink, and W. F. Benedict, In vitro correlates of transformation in C3H/10T 1/2 Clone 8 mouse cells, Cancer Res. 36, 2863–2867 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H. Katsuta, T. Takaoka, Y. Doida, and T. Kuroki, Carcinogenesis in tissue culture. VII. Morphological transformation of rat liver cells in NAGISA culture, Jpn. J. Exp. Med. 35, 513–518 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R. Montesano, L. Saint-Vincent, and L. Tomatis, Malignant transformation in vitro of rat liver cells by dimethylnitrosamine and N-methyl-W -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, Br. J. Cancer 28, 215–220 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • G. C. Williams, J. M. Elliott, and J. H. Weisburger, Carcinoma after malignant conversion in vitro of epithelial-like cells from rat liver following exposure to chemical carcinogens, Cancer Res. 33, 606–612 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • N. Yamaguchi and I. B. Weinstein, Temperature sensitive (TS) mutants of chemically transformed rat liver epithelial cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 214–218 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A. M. Brown, In vitro transformation of submandibular gland epithelial cells and fibroblasts of adult rats by methylcholanthrene, Cancer Res. 33, 2779–2789 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • N. H. Colburn, W. F. Vorder Bruegge, J. R. Bates, R. H. Gray, J. D. Rossen, W. H. Kelsey, and T. Shimada, Correlation of anchorage-independent growth with tumorigenicity of chemically transformed mouse epidermal cells, Cancer Res. 38, 624–634 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P. M. Elias, S. H. Yuspa, M. S. Gullino, D. L. Morgan, R. R. Bates, and M. A. Lutzner, In vitro neoplastic transformation of mouse skin cells: Morphology and ultrastructure of cells and tumors,/. Invest. Dermatol. 62, 569–581 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • N. E. Fusenig, W. Samsel, W. Thon, and P K. M. Worst, Malignant transformation of epidermal cells in culture by DMBA, Inserm 19, 219–228 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H. J. Igel, A. E. Freeman, J. E. Spiewak, and K. Kleinfeld, Carcinogenesis in vitro. II. Chemical transformation of diploid human cell cultures: A rare event, In Vitro 11, 117–129 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J. S. Rhim, D. K. Park, P. Arnstein, R. J. Huebner, E. K. Weisburger, and W. A. Nelson- Rees, Transformation of human cells in culture by A methyl-A ’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, Nature (London) 256, 751–753 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T. Kakunaga, The transformation of human diploid cells by chemical carcinogens, in: Origins of Human Cancer (H. H. Hiatt, J. D. Watson, and J. A. Winsten, eds.), Book C. Human Risk Assessment, Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation, Vol. 4, pp. 1537–1548, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • G. E. Milo, Jr. and J. A. DiPaolo, Neoplastic transformation of human diploid cells in vitro after chemical carcinogen treatment, Nature (London) 275, 130–132 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T. T. Puck, P. I. Marcus, and S. J. Cieciura, Clonal growth of mammalian cells in vitro: Growth characteristics of colonies from single HeLa cells with and without a “feeder” layer, /. Exp. Med. 103, 273–277 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J. A. DiPaolo, P. J. Donovan, and R. L. Nelson, Quantitative studies of in vitro transformation by chemical carcinogens, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 42, 867–876 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J. A. DiPaolo, P. J. Donovan, and R. L. Nelson, In vitro transformation of hamster cells by polycyclic hydrocarbons: Factors influencing the number of cells transformed, Nature [London) 230, 240–242 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J. A. DiPaolo, R. L. Nelson, and P.J. Donovan, Morphological, oncogenic, and karyological characteristics of Syrian hamster embryo cells transformed in vitro by carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Cancer Res. 31, 1118–1127 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J. A. DiPaolo, R. L. Nelson, and P. J. Donovan, In vitro transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells by diverse chemical carcinogens, Nature (London) 235, 278–280 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J. A. DiPaolo, R. L. Nelson, P. J. Donovan, and C. H. Evans, Host-mediated in vivo-in vitro assay for chemical carcinogenesis, Arch. Pathol. 95, 380–385 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T. Kuroki, C. Drevon, and R. Montesano, Microsome-mediated mutagenesis in V79 Chinese hamster cells by various nitrosamines, Cancer Res. 37, 1044–1050 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R. J. Pienta, J. A. Poiley, and W. B. Lebherz III, Morphological transformation of early passage golden Syrian hamster embryo cells derived from cryopreserved primary cultures as a reliable in vitro bioassav for identifying diverse carcinogens, Int. J. Cancer 19, 642–655 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R. J. Pienta, J. A. Poiley, and W. B. Lebherz III, Further evaluation of a hamster embryo cell carcinogenesis bioassay, in: Cancer Prevention and Detection (H. E. Nieburgs, V. E. O. Valli, and S. A. Kay, eds.), Part 1, Vol. 2, Chapter 23, Carcinogen identification, pp. 1993–2011, Marcel Dekker, New York (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Takayama, Y. Katoh, M. Tanaka, M. Nagao, K. Wakabayashi, and T. Sugimura, In vitro transformation of hamster embryo cells with tryptophan pyrolysis products, Proc. Jpn. Acad. 53, Ser. B, 126–129 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Takayama, Y. Katoh, T. Hirakawa, and M. Tanaka, In vitro morphological transformation of cryopreserved hamster embryo cells with tobacco tar, Gann 69, 85–90 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • B. C. Casto, N. Janosko, and J. A. DiPaolo, Development of a focus assay model for transformation of hamster cells in vitro by chemical carcinogens, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 37, 3508–3515 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C. H. Evans and J. A. DiPaolo, Neoplastic transformation of guinea pig cells in culture induced by chemical carcinogen, Cancer Res. 35, 1035–1044 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J. S. Rhim and R. J. Huebner, Transformation of rat embryo cells in vitro by chemical carcinogens, Cancer Res. 33, 695–700 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R. J. Gordon, R. J. Bryan, J. S. Rhim, C. Demoise, R. G. Wolford, A. E. Freeman, and R. J. Huebner, Transformation of rat and mouse embryo cells by a new class of carcinogenic compounds isolated from particles in city air, Int. J. Cancer 12, 223–232 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A. E. Freeman, P. J. Price, H.J. Igel,J. C. Young,J. M. Marysk, and R.J. Huebner, Morphological transformation of rat embryo cells induced by diethylnitrosamine and murine leukemia viruses, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 44, 65–78 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • A. E. Freeman, E. K. Weisburger, J. H. Weisburger, R. G. Wolford, J. M. Maryak, and R. J. Huebner, Transformation of cell cultures as an indication of the carcinogenic potential of chemicals,/Natl. Cancer Inst. 51, 799–808 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • A. E. Freeman, H. J. Igel, and P. J. Price, Carcinogenesis in vitro. I. In vitro transformation of rat embryo cells: Correlations with the known tumorigenic activities of chemicals in rodents, In Vitro 11, 107–116 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P.J. Price, A. E. Freeman, W. T. Lane, and R.J. Huebner, Morphological transformation of rat embryo cells by the combined action of 3-methylcholanthrene and Rauscher leukemia virus, Nature (London) 230, 144–146 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • N. K. Mishra, C. M. Wilson, K. J. Pant, and F. O. Thomas, Simultaneous determination of cellular mutagenesis and transformation by chemical carcinogens in Fischer rat embryo cells, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 4, 79–91 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J. S. Rhim, B. Creasy, and R. J. Huebner, Production of altered cell foci by 3-methylcholanthrene in mouse cells infected with AKR leukemia virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68, 2212–2216 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J. S. Rhim, D. K Park, E. K. Weisburger, and J. H. Weisburger, Evaluation of an in vitro Assay system for prior infection of rodent cells with nontransforming RNA tumor virus, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 52, 1167–1173 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T. T. Chen and C. Heidelberger, Quantitative studies on the malignant transformation of mouse prostate cells by carcinogenic hydrocarbons in vitro, Int. J. Cancer 4, 166–178 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H. Marquardt, P. L. Grover, and P. Sims, In vitro malignant transformation of mouse fibroblasts by non-K-region dihydrodiols derived from 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene, 7,12-di- methylbenz [a]anthracene, and benzo[a]pyrene, Cancer Res. 36, 2059–2064 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H. Marquardt, Malignant transformation in vitro: A model system to study mechanisms of action of chemical carcinogens and to evaluate the oncogenic potential of environmental chemicals, in: Screening Tests in Chemical Carcinogenesis, Scientific Publication No. 12, pp. 389–410, I ARC, Lyons, France (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • S. A. Aaronson and G. J. Todaro, Development of 3T3-like lines from BALB/c mouse embryo cultures; transformation susceptibility to SV40,/Cell. Physiol. 72, 141–148 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • J. A. DiPaolo, K. Takano, and N. C. Popescu, Quantitation of chemically induced neoplastic transformation of BALB/3T3 cloned cell lines, Cancer Res. 32, 2686–2695 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • T. Kakunaga, A. quantitative system for assay malignant transformation by chemical carcinogens using a clone derived from BALB/3T3, Int. J. Cancer 12, 463–473 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C. A. Reznikoff, J. S. Bertram, D. W. Brankow, and C. Heidelberger, Quantitative and qualitative studies of chemical transformation of cloned C3H mouse embryo cells sensitive to postconfluence inhibition of cell division, Cancer Res. 33, 3239–3249 (1973).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • C. Heidelberger, In vitro studies on the role of epoxides on carcinogenic hydrocarbon activation, in: Topics in Chemical Carcinogenesis (W. Nakahara, S. Takayama, T. Sugimura, and S. Odashima, eds.), pp. 371 388, University Park Press, Baltimore (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • W. F. Benedict, N. Rucker, J. Faust, and R. E. Kouri, Malignant transformation of mouse cells by cigarette smoke condensate, Cancer Res. 35, 857–860 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • W. F. Benedict, A. Banerji, A. Gardner, and P. A. Jones, Induction of morphological transformation in mouse C3H/10T 1/2 Clone 8 cells and chromosomal damage in hamster A(Ti)Cl-3 cells by cancer chemotherapeutic agents, Cancer Res. 37, 2202–2208 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P. A. Jones, J. V. Taderera, and A. O. Hawtrev, Transformation of hamster cells in vitro by l-$-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, S-fluoro-deoxyuridine and hydroxyurea, Eur. J. Cancer 8, 595–599 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • P. A. Jones, W. F. Benedict, M. S. Baker, S. Mondal, U. Rapp, and C. Heidelberger, Oncogenic transformation of C3H/10T 1/2 CI 8 mouse embryo cells by halogenated pyrimidine nucleosides, Cancer Res. 36, 101–107 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • E. Borenfreund, M. Krim, F. K. Sanders, S. S. Sternberg, and A. Bendich, Malignant conversion of cells in vitro by carcinogens and viruses, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 56, 671–679 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G. DiMayorca, M. Greenblatt, T. Trauthen, A. Soller, and R. Girdano, Malignant transformation of BHK2i Clone 13 cells in vitro by nitrosamides—a conditioned state, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 70, 46–49 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Ishii, J. A. Elliott, N. K. Mishra, and M. W. Lieberman, Quantitative studies of transformation by chemical carcinogens and ultraviolet radiation using a subclone of BHK2i Clone 13 Syrian hamster cells, Cancer Res. 37, 2023–2029 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • I. F. H. Purchase, E. Longstaff, J. Ashby, J. A. Styles, D. Anderson, P. A. Lefeore, and F. R. Westwood, Evaluation of six short-term tests for detecting organic chemical carcinogens and recommendations for their use, Nature (London) 264, 624–627 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • I. F. H. Purchase, E. Longstaff, J. Ashby, J. A. Styles, D. Anderson, P. A. Lefevre, and F. R. Westwood, An evaluation of 6 short-term tests for detecting organic chemical carcinogens, Br. J. Cancer 37, 873–959 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • V. C. Dunkel, In vitro carcinogenesis: A National Cancer Institute coordinated program, in: Screening Tests in Chemical Carcinogenesis (R. Montesano, H. Bartsch, and L. Tomatis, eds.), Scientific Publication No. 12. pp. 25–28, IARC, Lyons, France (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • R. J. Pienta, Carcinogenesis studies in cell culture systems, workshop on laboratory procedures: the use of early passage hamster embryo cell for the identification of chemical carcinogens, Carcinogenesis Tech. Rep., Ser. 44, 273–277 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • K. K. Sanford, Biologic manifestations of oncogenesis in vitro: A critique, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 53, 1481–1485 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IARC Monograph on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vols. 1–10, IARC, Lyons, France (1972–1976).

    Google Scholar 

  • USPHS, Survey of compounds which have been tested for carcinogenic activity, USPHS Publication No. 149 (1972–1973).

    Google Scholar 

  • R. J. Pienta, A hamster celi model system for identifying carcinogens, in: Carcinogens: Identification and Mechanisms of Action (A. C. Griffin and C. R. Shaw, eds.), pp. 121–141, Raven Press, New York (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • H. L. Leffert, T. Moran, R. Boorstein, and K. S. Koch, Procarcinogen activation and hormonal control of cell proliferation in differentiated primary adult rat liver cell cultures, Nature (London) 267, 58–61 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • J. A. Poiley, R. Raineri, D. Cavanaugh, R. F. Schuman, and R. J. Pienta, Culture of hamster hepatocytes capable of high rates of carcinogen metabolism, In Vitro 14, 336–337 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1980 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pienta, R.J. (1980). Transformation of Syrian Hamster Embryo Cells by Diverse Chemicals and Correlation with Their Reported Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Activities. In: de Serres, F.J., Hollaender, A. (eds) Chemical Mutagens. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3072-1_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3072-1_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-3074-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4613-3072-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics