Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

The Pathobiology of Neoplasia pp 39–56Cite as

Chemical Carcinogenesis in Experimental Animals and Humans

  • Chapter

Abstract

The carcinogenic effect of exposure of humans to a mixture of chemical compounds (soot) was reported more than 200 years ago. By 1915, when Japanese research workers demonstrated the carcinogenicity of coal tar in rabbits, many cases of cancer had been noted in workers exposed to oil shales, coal tar, or dyestuff intermediates. In essence, exposed humans were the test organisms that indicated the deleterious effects of long exposure to certain substances. Unfortunately, more recent epidemiologic studies on exposed people have still been the initial indicators of carcinogenicity for some compounds.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Miller, E. C. and Miller, J. A., 1981, Mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis, Cancer 47: 1055–1064.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Gamer, R. C., Martin, C. N., and Clayson, D. B., 1984, Carcinogenic aromatic agents and related compounds, in: Chemical Carcinogens, 2nd ed. (C. E. Searle, ed.), pp. 175–276, ACS Monograph 182, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Radomski, J. L., 1979, The primary aromatic amines: Their biological properties and structure—activity relationships, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 19: 129–157.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kiese, M., 1959, Oxydation von Anilin zu Nitrosobenzol im Hunde, Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmakol. Exp. Pathol. 235: 354–359.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Weisburger, J. H., and Weisburger, E. K., 1973, Biochemical formation and pharmacological, toxicological, and pathological properties of hydroxylamines and hydroxamic acids, Pharmacol. Rev. 25: 166.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Nebert, D. W., Eisen, H. J., Negishi, M., Lang, M. A., and Hjelmeland, L. M., 1981, Genetic mechanisms controlling the induction of polysubstrate monooxygenase (P-450) activities, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 21: 431–462.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Thorgeirsson, S. S., Sanderson, N., Park, S. S., and Gelboin, H. V., 1983, Inhibition of 2-acetylaminofluorene oxidations by monoclonal antibodies specific to 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rat liver cytochrome P450, Carcinogenesis 4: 639–641.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Gram, T. E., Okine, L. K., and Gram, R. A., 1986, The metabolism of xenobiotics by certain extrahepatic organs and its relation to toxicity, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 26: 259–291.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Weisburger, J. H., and Williams, G. M., 1982, Metabolism of chemical carcinogens, in: Cancer: A Comprehensive Treatise, 2nd ed. ( F. F. Becker, ed.), pp. 241–333, Plenum, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Boyd, J. A., Harvan, D. J., and Eling, T. E., 1983, The oxidation of 2-aminofluorene by prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase, J. Biol. Chem. 258: 8246–8254.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Wise, R. W., Zenser, T. V., Kadlubar, F. F., and Davis, B. B., 1984, Metabolic activation of carcinogenic aromatic amines by dog bladder and kidney prostaglandin H synthase, Cancer Res. 44: 1893–1897.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. King, C. M., and Weber, W. W., 1981, Formation, metabolic activation by N,0-acyltransfer, and hydrolysis of N-acyl-N-arylamine derivatives, Natl. Cancer Inst. Monog. 58: 117–122.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ritter, C. L., Malejka-Giganti, D., and Polnaszek, C. F., 1983, Cytochrome c/H202-mediated one electron oxidation of carcinogenic N-fluorenylacetohydroxamic acids to nitroxyl free radicals, Chem. Biol. Interact. 46: 317–334.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Malejka-Giganti, D., Ritter, C. L., Decker, R. W., and Suilman, J. M., 1986, Peroxidative metabolism of a carcinogen, N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide, by rat uterus and mammary gland in vitro, Cancer Res. 46: 6200–6206.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Dipple, A., Michejda, C. J., and Weisburger, E. K., 1985, Metabolism of chemical carcinogens, Pharmacol. Ther. 27: 265–296.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Corcoran, G. B., Mitchell, J. R., Vaishnav, Y. N., and Horning, E. C., 1980, Evidence that acetaminophen and N-hydroxyacetaminophen form a common arylating metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine, Mol. Pharmacol. 18: 536–542.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kadlubar, F. F., and Beland, F. A., 1985, Chemical properties of ultimate carcinogenic metabolites of arylamines and arylamides, in: Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Carcinogenesis (R. G. Harvey, ed.), pp. 341370, ACS Symposium Series 283,American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Pullman, A., and Pullman, B., 1955, Electronic structure and carcinogenic activity of aromatic molecules. New developments, Adv. Cancer Res. 3: 117–169.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Dipple, A., Moschel, R. C., and Bigger, C. A. H., 1984, Polynuclear aromatic carcinogens, in: Chemical Carcinogens, 2nd ed. (C. E. Searle, ed.), ACS Monograph 182, pp. 41–163, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Harvey, R. G., 1985, Synthesis of the dihydrodiol and diol epoxide metabolites of carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons, in: Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Carcinogenesis, (R. G. Harvey, ed.), pp. 35–62, ACS Symposium Series 283, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Levin, W., Wood, A., Chang, R., Ryan, D., Thomas, P., Yagi, H., Thakker, D., Vyas, K., Boyd, C., Chu, S.-Y., Conney, A., and Jerina, D., 1982, Oxidative metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to ultimate carcinogens, Drug Met. Rev. 13: 555–580.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Robertson, I. G. C., and Jernstrom, B., 1986, The enzymatic conjugation of glutathione with bay-region diol-epoxides of benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene and chrysene, Carcinogenesis 7: 1633–1636.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Pitts. J. N., Jr., Lokensgard, D. M., Ripley, P. S., Cauwenberghe, K. A., Van Vaeck, L., Shaffer, S. D., Thill, A. J., and Belser, W. L., Jr., 1980, Atmospheric epoxidation of benzo[a]pyrene by ozone: Formation of the metabolite benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide, Science 210: 1347–1349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Gelboin, H. V., 1980, Benzo[a]pyrene metabolism, activation and carcinogenesis: Role and regulation of mixed function oxidases and related enzymes, Physiol. Rev. 60: 1107–1166.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cavalieri, E. L., and Rogan, E. G., 1985, One-electron oxidation in aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogenesis, in: Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Carcinogenesis (R. G. Harvey, ed.), ACS Symposium Series 283, pp. 289–305, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Marnett, L. J., 1985, Hydroperoxide-dependent oxygenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites, in: Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Carcinogenesis, (R. G. Harvey, ed.), ACS Symposium Series 283, pp. 307–326, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Flesher, J. W., Stansbury, K. H., and Sydnor, K. L., 1982, S-Adenosyl-L-methionine is a carbon donor in the conversion of benzo[a]pyrene to 6-hydroxymethylbenzo[a]pyrene by rat liver S-9, Cancer Lett. 16:9194.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Flesher, J. W., Myers, S. R., Bergo, C. H., and Blake, J. W., 1986, Bioalkylation of dibenz[a,h]anthracene in rat liver cytosol, Chem. Biol. Interact. 57: 223–233.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Anders, M. W., Kubic, V. L., and Ahmed, A. E., 1977, Metabolism of halogenated methanes and macromolecular binding, J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. 1: 117–124.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ahmed, A. E., and Anders, M. W., 1978, Metabolism of dihalomethanes to formaldehyde and inorganic halide. II. Studies on the mechanism of the reaction, Biochem. Pharmacol. 27: 2021–2025.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gargas, M. L., Clewell, H. J. III, and Andersen, M. E., 1986, Metabolism of inhaled dihalomethanes in vivo: Differentiation of kinetic constants for two independent pathways, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 82: 211–223.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Bolt, H. M., Laib, R. J., Peter, H., and Ottenwalder, H., 1986, DNA adducts of halogenated hydrocarbons, J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 112: 92–96.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Davidson, I. W. F., Sumner, D. D., and Parker, J. C., 1982, Chloroform: A review of its metabolism, teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic potential, Drug Chem. Toxicol. 5 :1–87.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Bartsch, H., Malavielle, C., Barbin, A., and Planche, G., 1979, Mutagenic and alkylating metabolites of haloethylenes, chlorobutadienes and dichlorobutenes produced by rodent or human liver tissues: Evidence for oxirane formation by P450-linked microsomal mono-oxygenases, Arch. Toxicol. 41: 249–277.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Miller, R., and Guengerich, F. P., 1982, Oxidation of TCE by liver microsomal cytochrome P-450: Evidence of chlorine migration in a transition state not involving trichloroethylene oxide, Biochemistry 21: 1090–1097.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Dekant, W., Metzler, M., and Henschler, D., 1986, Identification of S-1,2,2-trichlorovinyl-N-acetylcysteine as a urinary metabolite of tetrachloroethylene: Bioactivation through glutathione conjugation as a possible explanation of its nephrotoxicity, J. Biochem. Toxicol. 1: 57–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Chellman, G. J., White, R. D., Norton, R. M., and Bus, J. S., 1986, Inhibition of the acute toxicity of methyl chloride in male B6C3F1 mice by glutathione depletion, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 86: 93–104.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hill, D. L., Shih, T.-W., Johnston, T. P., and Struck, R. F., 1978, Macromolecular binding and metabolism of the carcinogen 1,2-dibromoethane, Cancer Res. 38: 2438–2442.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. van Bladeren, P. J., Breimer, D. D., Rotteveel-Smigs, G. M. T., de Knijff, P., Mohn, G. R., van Meeteren-Walchli, B., Buijs, W., and van der Gen, A., 1981, The relation between the structure of vicinal dihalogen compounds and their mutagenic activation via conjugation of glutathione, Carcinogenesis 2: 499505.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Ozawa, N., and Guengerich, F. P., 1983, Evidence for formation of an S-[2-(N7-guanyl)ethyl]glutathione adduct in glutathione-mediated binding of the carcinogen 1,2-dibromcethane to DNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 5266–5270.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Reichert, D., and Schutz, S., 1986, Mercapturic acid formation is an activation and intermediary step in the metabolism of hexachlorobutadiene, Biochem. Pharmacol. 35: 1271–1275.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Climie, I. J. G., Hutson, D. H., Morrison, B. J., and Stoydin, G., 1979, Glutathione conjugation in the detoxification of (Z)-1,3-dichloropropene (a component of the nematocide D-D) in the rat, Xenobiotica 9: 149–156.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Bond, J. A., Dahl, A. R., Henderson, R. F., Dutcher, J. S., Mauderly, J. L., and Birnbaum, L. S., 1986, Species differences in the disposition of inhaled butadiene, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 84: 617–627.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Kluwe, W. M., Gupta, B. N., and Lamb, J. C., IV., 1983, The comparative effects of 1,2-dibromo-3chloropropane (DBCP) and its metabolites, 3-chloro-1,2-propaneoxide (epichlorohydrin), 3-chloro-1,2propanediol (alphachlorohydrin), and oxalic acid, upon the urogenital system of male rats, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 70: 67–86.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1974, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Some Organochlorine Pesticides, Vol. 5, pp. 83–124, IARC, Lyons, France.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Williams, G. M., 1981, An epigenetic mechanism of carcinogenicity of organochlorine pesticides, in: Toxicology of Halogenated Hydrocarbons. Health and Ecological Effects ( M. A. Q. Khan and R. H. Stanton, eds.), pp. 161–170, Pergamon, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Colvin, L. B., 1969, Metabolic fate of hydrazines and hydrazides, J. Pharm. Sci. 58: 1433–1443.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Bosan, W. S., and Shank, R. C., 1983, Methylation of liver DNA guanine in hamsters given hydrazine, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 70: 324–334.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Shank, R. C., 1984, Toxicity-induced aberrant methylation of DNA and its repair, Pharmacol. Rev. 36: 19S - 24S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Bosan, W. S., Lambert, C. E., and Shank, R. C., 1986, The role of formaldehyde in hydrazine-induced methylation of liver DNA guanine, Carcinogenesis 7: 413–418.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Lambert, C. E., Bosan, W. S., and Shank, R. C., 1986, Tetraformyltrisazine and hydrazine-induced methylation of liver DNA guanine, Carcinogenesis 7: 419–422.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Zedeck, M. S., 1984, Hydrazine derivatives, azo and azoxy compounds, and methylazoxymethanol and cycasin, in: Chemical Carcinogens, 2nd ed. (C. E. Searle, ed.), ACS Monograph 182, pp. 915–944, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Toth, B., and Erickson, J., 1986, Cancer induction in mice by feeding of the uncooked cultivated mushroom of commerce Agaricus bisporus, Cancer Res. 46: 4007–4011.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Wattenberg, L. W., 1978, Inhibitors of chemical carcinogenesis, Adv. Cancer Res. 26: 197–226.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Fiala, E. S., Kulakis, C., Christiansen, G., and Weisburger, J. H., 1978, Inhibition of the metabolism of the colon carcinogen, azoxymethane, by pyrazole, Cancer Res. 38: 4515–4521.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Lijinsky, W., 1986, The significance of N-nitroso compounds as environmental carcinogens, J. Environ. Sci. Health C4: 1–45.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Preussmann, R., and Stewart, B. W., 1984, N-Nitroso carcinogens, in: Chemical Carcinogens, 2nd ed. (C. E. Searle, ed.), ACS Monograph 182, pp. 643–828, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Jarman, M., and Manson, D., 1986, The metabolism of N-nitrosomorpholine by rat liver microsomes and its oxidation by the Fenton system, Carcinogenesis, 7: 559–565.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Hecht, S. S., and Young, R., 1981, Metabolic a-hydroxylation of Nnitrosomorpholine and 3,3,5,5tetradeutero-N-nitrosomorpholine in the F344 rat, Cancer Res. 41: 5039–5043.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Hoffmann, D., and Hecht, S. S., 1985, Nicotine-derived N-nitrosamines and tobacco-related cancer: Current status and future directions, Cancer Res. 45: 935–944.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Hecht, S. S., Castonguay, A., Rivenson, A., Mu, B., and Hoffmann, D., 1983, Tobacco specific nitrosamines: Carcinogenicity, metabolism, and possible role in human cancer, J. Environ. Sci. Health C1:1— 54.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Hecht, S. S., Trushin, N., Castonguay, A., and Rivenson, A., 1986, Comparative tumorigenicity and DNA methylation in F344 rats by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and N-nitroso-dimethylamine, Cancer Res. 46: 498–502.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Busby, W. F., Jr., and Wogan, G. N., 1984, Aflatoxins, in: Chemical Carcinogens, 2nd ed. (C. E. Searle, ed.), ACS Monograph 182, pp. 945–1136, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Wiseman, R. W., Fennell, T. R., Miller, J. A., and Miller, E. C., 1985, Further characterization of the DNA adducts formed by electrophilic esters of the hepatocarcinogens l’-hydroxysafrole and 1’-hydroxyestragole in vitro and in mouse liver in vivo, including new adducts at C-8 and N-7 of guanine residues, Cancer Res. 45: 3096–3105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Ribovich, M. L., Miller, J. A., Miller, E. C., and Timmins, L. G., 1982, Labeled 1,N6–ethenoadenosine and 3,N4–ethenocytidine in hepatic RNA of mice given [ethyl–1,23H or ethy1–1–14C]ethyl carbamate (urethan), Carcinogenesis 3: 539 – 546.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Woo, Y.-T., Argus, M. F., and Arcos, J. C., 1978, Effect of mixed-function oxidase modifiers on metabolism and toxicity of the oncogen dioxane, Cancer Res. 38: 1621–1625.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Styles, J., Ashby, J., and Mattocks, A. R., 1980, Evaluation in vitro of several pyrrolizidine alkaloid carcinogens: Observations on the essential pyrrolic nucleus, Carcinogenesis 1: 161–164.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Robertson, K. A., 1982, Alkylation of N2 in deoxyguanosine by dehydroretronecine, a carcinogenic metabolite of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline, Cancer Res. 42: 8–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Wickramanayake, P. P., Arbogast, B. L., Buhler, D. R., Deinzer, M. L., and Burlingame, A. L., 1985, Alkylation of nucleosides and nucleotides by dehydroretronecine; characterization of covalent adducts by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107: 2485–2488.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Winter, C. K., Segall, H. J., and Haddon, W. F., 1986, Formation of cyclic adducts of deoxyguanosine with the aldehydes trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in vitro, Cancer Res. 46: 5682–5686.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Evans, I. A., 1984, Bracken carcinogenicity, in: Chemical Carcinogens, 2nd ed. (C. E. Searle, ed.), ACS Monograph 182, pp. 1171–1204, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Hirono, I., 1985, Recent advances in research on bracken carcinogen and carcinogenicity of betel nut, J. Environ. Sci. Health C3: 145–187.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Mehta, J. R., Przybylski, M., and Ludlum, D. B., 1980, Alkylation of guanosine and deoxyguanosine by phosphoramide mustard, Cancer Res. 40: 4183–4186.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Hemminki, K., 1985, Binding of metabolites of cyclophosphamide to DNA in a rat liver microsomal system and in vivo in mice, Cancer Res. 45: 4237–4243.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Lawley, P. D., 1984, Carcinogenesis by alkylating agents, in: Chemical Carcinogens, 2nd ed. (C. E. Searle, ed.), ACS Monograph 182, pp. 325–484, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Nebert, D. W., and Jensen, N. M., 1979, The Ah locus: Genetic regulation of the metabolism of carcinogens, drugs, and other environmental chemicals by cytochrome P-450-mediated monooxygenases, CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. 8: 401–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. National Research Council, 1982, Diet, Nutrition and Cancer, National Academy Press, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Akaza, H., Murphy, W. M., and Soloway, M. S., 1984, Bladder cancer induced by noncarcinogenic substances, J. Urol. 131: 152–155.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Clayson, D. B., 1974, Bladder carcinogenesis in rats and mice: Possibility of artifacts, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 52: 1685–1689.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Hagiwara, A., Shibata, M., Hirase, M., Fukushima, S., and Ito, N., 1984, Long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity study of sodium o-phenylphenate in B6C3F1 mice, Fd. Chem. Toxicol. 22: 809–814.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Inskeep, P. B., Koga, N., Cmarik, J. L., and Guengerich, F. P., 1986, Covalent binding of 1,2-dihaloalkanes to DNA and stability of the major DNA adduct, S-[2-(N2-guanypethyl]glutathione, Cancer Res. 46: 2839–2844.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Goel, S. K., Lalwani, N. D., and Reddy, J. K., 1986, Peroxisome proliferation and lipid peroxidation in rat liver, Cancer Res. 46: 1324–1330.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Brusick, D., 1987, Principles of Genetic Toxicology, Plenum, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Brown, M. M., Wasson, J. S., Mailing, H. V., Shelby, M. D., and Von Halle, E. S., 1979, Literature survey of bacterial, fungal, and Drosophila assay systems used in the evaluation of selected chemical compounds for mutagenic activity, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 62: 841–871.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Rosenkranz, H. S., and Poirier, L. A., 1979, Evaluation of the mutagenicity and DNA-modifying activity of carcinogens and noncarcinogens in microbial systems, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 62: 873–892.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Poirier, L. A., and deSerres, F. J., 1979, Initial National Cancer Institute studies on mutagenesis as a prescreen for chemical carcinogens: An appraisal, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 62: 919–926.

    Google Scholar 

  87. International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1980, Long-term and Short-term Screening Assays for Carcinogens: A Critical Appraisal, IARC Monograph Supplement 2, IARC, Lyons, France.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Weinstein, I. B., Yamasaki, H., Wigler, M., Lee, L.-S., Fisher, P. B., Jeffrey, A., and Grunberger, D., 1979, Molecular and cellular events associated with the action of initiating carcinogens and tumor promoters, in: Carcinogens: Identification and Mechanisms of Action ( A. C. Griffin and C. R. Shaw, eds.), pp. 399–418, Raven, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Fujiki, H., Mori, M., Nakayasu, M., Terada, M., Sugimura, T., and Moore, R. E., 1981, Indole alkaloids: Dihydroteleocodicin B, teleocidin, and lyngbyatoxin A as members of a new class of tumor promoters, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 3872–3876.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Trosko, J. E., and Chang, C. C., 1986, Role of intercellular communications in modifying the consequences of mutations in somatic cells, in: Antimutagenesis and Anticarcinogenesis Mechanisms ( D. E. Shankel, P. E. Hartman, T. Kada, and A. Hollander, eds.), pp. 439–456, Plenum, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Woo, Y.-T., Arcos, J. C., and Lai, D. Y., 1985, Structural and functional criteria for suspecting chemical compounds of carcinogenic activity: State of the art of predictive formalism, in: Handbook of Carcinogen Testing ( H. A. Milman and E. K. Weisburger, eds.), pp. 2–25, Noyes, Park Ridge, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Harris, C. C., 1987, Human tissues and cells in carcinogenesis research, Cancer Res. 47: 1–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Blair, A., Stewart, P., O’Berg, M., Gaffey, W., Walrath, J., Ward, J., Bales, R., Kaplan, S., and Cubit, D., 1986, Mortality among industrial workers exposed to formaldehyde, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 76: 1071 1084.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Hoover, R. N., and Strasser, P. H., 1980, Artificial sweeteners and human bladder cancer, Lancet 1: 837840.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Silvers, A., and Crump, K. S., 1985, Examination of risk estimation models, in: Handbook of Carcinogen Testing ( H. A. Milman and E. K. Weisburger, eds.), pp. 502–525, Noyes, Park Ridge, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Turnbull, D., and Rodricks, J. V., 1985, Assessment of possible carcinogenic risks to humans resulting from exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP), J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 4: 111–145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1982, IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, IARC Monograph Supplement 4, Lyons, France.

    Google Scholar 

  98. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1985, Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA

    Elizabeth K. Weisburger

Authors
  1. Elizabeth K. Weisburger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Medical of College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, 23298, Richmond, Virginia, USA

    Alphonse E. Sirica

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Weisburger, E.K. (1989). Chemical Carcinogenesis in Experimental Animals and Humans. In: Sirica, A.E. (eds) The Pathobiology of Neoplasia. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5523-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5523-6_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5525-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5523-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation