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Update on HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

  • Infection (J Berger, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Neurocognitive disorders are a feared complication of HIV infection, especially in the post-antiretroviral era as patients are living longer. These disorders are challenging in terms of diagnosis and treatment. The clinical syndrome has evolved, driven in part by comorbidities such as aging, drug abuse, psychiatric illnesses, and a metabolic syndrome associated with the use of antiretroviral drugs. Additionally some individuals may develop a fulminant immune reconstitution syndrome. Hence, treatment of these patients needs to be individualized. The focus of research in the HIV field has recently switched towards elimination of the HIV reservoir as a means of combating long-term HIV complications. However, these approaches may be suitable for limited populations and might not be applicable once the HIV reservoir has been established in the brain. Further, all clinical trials using neuroprotective or anti-inflammatory drugs for treatment of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders have been unsuccessful. Hence, neurological complications of HIV infection are the biggest challenge facing HIV researchers, and there is a critical need to develop new diagnostics and approaches for treatment of these disorders.

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Tariq B. Alfahad and Avindra Nath declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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  1. Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10/7-4647, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Tariq B. Alfahad & Avindra Nath

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Correspondence to Avindra Nath.

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Alfahad, T.B., Nath, A. Update on HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 13, 387 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-013-0387-7

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