Fetus-Placenta-Newborn
Fetal lung maturation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether congenital diaphragmatic hernia is associated with abnormalities of fetal lung maturation.

STUDY DESIGN: We measured surfactant protein A and saturated phosphatidylcholine in amniotic fluid from 19 pregnancies with a prenatal diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (gestational age 16 to 40 weeks) and 48 control pregnancies (gestational age 16 to 39 weeks). Results were compared by analysis of covariance.

RESULTS: Beyond 34 weeks of gestation there was a progressive rise in amniotic fluid surfactant protein A and saturated phosphatidylcholine in control pregnancies, whereas in most fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia these values remained low (p < 0.01). Amniotic fluid surfactant protein A was lower in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia who died or required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation than in survivors treated with conventional management (4.9 ± 2.9 vs 16.8 ± 5.7 μg/ml surfactant protein A, respectively, p < 0.05 by Mann-Whitney U test).

CONCLUSIONS: There are decreased surfactant components in amniotic fluid in many pregnancies complicated by congenital diaphragmatic hernia, which may reflect fetal lung immaturity or hypoplasia.

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Presented at the Sixty-third Annual Meeting of the American Pediatric Society and the Society for Pediatric Research, Seattle, Washington, May 2–5, 1994, and published in abstract form (Pediatr Res 1994;35:242A).

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