Differential permeability of cerebral capillary and choroid plexus to lanthanum ion
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Cited by (77)
Blood-brain barrier in acute liver failure
2012, Neurochemistry InternationalCitation Excerpt :In 1970, Brightman, Klatzo, Olsson, and Reese administered peroxidase into mouse intracranial ventricle and found that the peroxidase permeated the basal lamina; it penetrated the paracellular endothelial cleft but was stopped by the tight junction complexes (Brightman et al., 1970). In contrast, Bouldin and Krigman perfused via the ascending aorta and demonstrated that the tight junction restricts lanthanum ion diffusion in the paracellular cleft of the cerebral capillaries (Bouldin and Krigman, 1975). In mice treated with intravenous bradykinin agonist RMP-7, which increases BBB permeability, the lanthanum ion penetrated the paracellular cleft by 310 fold (Sanovich et al., 1995).
Structure and function of the blood-brain barrier
2010, Neurobiology of DiseaseCitation Excerpt :The in vivo blood–brain barrier for an extracellular marker such as sucrose (MW 342 Da, molecular radius of 4.7 Å) is extremely effective, with a measured in vivo permeability of 2.5–3.0 × 10− 8 cm s− 1 (Ohno et al., 1978). Ionic lanthanum (hydrated radius 4.6 Å, Bouldin and Krigman, 1975), when introduced into the cerebral capillary lumen, can be shown by electron microscopy to penetrate the intercellular cleft as far as the tight junctional complexes and then its movement is arrested (Brightman and Reese, 1969; Bouldin and Krigman, 1975). The effectiveness of the tight junctions appears to be regulated via the intracellular scaffold proteins ZO-1, ZO-2 and Z0-3 which link the junctional molecules claudin and occludin via cingulin to intracellular actin and the cytoskeleton (Wolburg and Lippoldt, 2002; Bauer et al., 2004; Wolburg et al., 2009).
Effect of Focused Ultrasound Applied With an Ultrasound Contrast Agent on the Tight Junctional Integrity of the Brain Microvascular Endothelium
2008, Ultrasound in Medicine and BiologyCitation Excerpt :The behavior of lanthanum, especially its diffusion into the ECs' cytoplasm, requires further discussion. The lanthanum ion, the smallest possible opaque marker in electron microscopy, is commonly considered an extracellular tracer that does not normally penetrate the BBB or cross the intact endothelium (Bouldin and Krigman 1975; Brightman and Reese 1969; Hirano et al. 1994). However, there have been descriptions of diffuse deposits of lanthanum in ECs, and there is some disagreement in the literature regarding the interpretation of such cytoplasmic accumulation.
Ionic permeability of the opossum sciatic nerve perineurium, examined using electrophysiological and electron microscopic techniques
2000, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Ionic lanthanum has an effective hydrated radius of ∼0.4 nm, cf. 0.13 nm for K+[17], and penetrates the zonulae occludentes of leaky epithelia (transepithelial electrical resistance <200 Ω cm2) including the gall bladder [19] and renal tubule [29], but not the tight epithelia of the urinary bladder or frog skin (>1000 Ω cm2) [12,5]. Bouldin and Krigman [5] showed that lanthanum penetrated the leaky epithelium of the choroid plexus, but not the tight endothelium of the blood–brain barrier [10]. Lanthanum has been used as a tracer to examine the permeability of the perineurium in both the frog [28] and rat [15]; the tracer is able to penetrate the discontinuous outer lamellae, but is blocked by tight junctions in the innermost layer.
This study was supported in part by USPHS Grants ES01104-01 and GM-92.